Euphorbiaceae Phylogenies

 

Tribe Hippomaneae

 

Origin:

H.-J. Esser, P.C. van Welzen & T. Djarwaningsih. 1997. A Phylogenetic Classification of the Malesian Hippomaneae (Euphorbiaceae). Syst. Bot. 22: 617-628..

 

Contents:

- Characters

- Data matrix

- Phylogeny

 

Characters

 

Characters and character states used in the phylogenetic analysis of the Malesian taxa of the Hippomaneae.

 

1: Habit: 0 = tree (or shrub); 1 = herb to subshrub.

2: Sex distribution: 0 = monoecious; 1 = dioecious.

3: Succulence: 0 = absent; 1 = present.

4: Indumentum: 0 = absent; 1 = present, colourless; 2 = present, coloured.

5: Stipule length: 0 = <5 mm; 1 = >5 mm.

6: Petiole length: 0 = < 1/4 of blade; 1 = > 1/4 of blade.

7: Lowest pair of leaf nerves: 0 = submarginal; 1 = forming basal leaf margin.

8: Abaxial leaf glands: 0 = absent; 1 = on lamina base; 2 = on petiole.

9: Abaxial leaf glands: 0 = all similar; 1 = basal ones enlarged.

10: Thyrses: 0 = unbranched; 1 = branching.

11: Inflorescence ratio: 0 = elongate; 1 = glomerate.

12: Flowers in bud: 0 = erect; 1 = inclinate.

13: Bracts of staminate cymules: 0 = sessile; 1 = stalked.

14: Bract glands: 0 = absent; 1 = present.

15: Flowers per staminate cymule: 0 = 1-3; 1 = 4-15.

16: Pedicel of staminate flowers: 0 = absent or constantly <0.5 mm; 1 = present after anthesis; 2 = present in bud already.

17: Symmetry staminate flowers: 0 = actinomorphic; 1 = bilateral.

18: Sepals of staminate flowers: 0 = separated; 1 = fused.

19: Number of stamens: 0 = 2; 1 = 3; 2 = >3.

20: Number of sepals of staminate flowers: 0 = 2; 1 = 3-6.

21: Number of carpels: 0 = 2; 1 = 3.

22: Ovary surface: 0 = smooth; 1 = with excres­cences.

23: Stigmas below: 0 = glandless; 1 = glandular.

24: Elongation of pedicel in fruit: 0 = <5 times; 1 = >5 times.

25: Fruit dehiscence: 0 = regular; 1 = irregular; 2 = absent, fruit dry; 3 = absent, fruit a drupe; 4 = absent, fruit a berry.

26: Seed appendages: 0 = arilloid absent; 1 = caruncle present; 2 = red aril; 3 = white sarcotesta; 4 = enlarged caruncle; 5 = pink aril.

27: Septa after dehiscence: 0 = without basal triangle; 1 = with basal triangle.

28: Vascular bundles per septum: 0 = 1 or 2; 1 = 3 or more.

29: Woody base of fruit: 0 = not persistent after dehiscence; 1 = persistent after dehiscence.

30: Seeds after dehiscence: 0 = shed; 1 = persistent on columella.

31: Caruncle: 0 = persistent on seed; 1 = separating from seed.

 

 

 

 

Data matrix

UG 1 spec. 1 = Balakata baccata; UG 1 spec. 2 = Balakata luzonica; Gymnanthes spec. 1 = G. borneensis; Gymnanthes spec. 2 = G. remota; Omalanthus = Homalanthus; Shirakia = Shirakiopsis.

 

Phylogeny

Unnamed Genus spec. 1 = Balakata baccata; Unnamed Genus spec. 2 = Balakata luzonica; Gymnanthes species 1 = G. borneensis; Gymnanthes species 2 = G. remota; Omalanthus = Homalanthus; Shirakia = Shirakiopsis.

Unn. genus 1-Sapium = Balakata; Shirakia = Shirakiopsis.