 |
Malesian Euphorbiaceae Newsletter 10
|
Goto on this page:
Fifth International Flora Malesiana Symposium
Genera and Species to be revised for Flora Malesiana
It is exactly two years ago since the last newsletter appeared. My excuses for the long delay. Many reasons may be mentioned, e.g., birth of a child, sabbatical leave, too much work, etc. Hopefully I will be able to send you two issues per year again, starting next year.
A few large genera were recently revised (Antidesma, Aporosa, Baccaurea), or are about to be finished (Macaranga, part of Mallotus). However, a period of reasonable calm has just started and I hope to change this. I like to call upon those who promised to make a revision to really do so or else let me know that they are unable to perform this task, then I can promise the genera to somebody else. Moreover, if you like to contribute a revision for Flora Malesiana, then please have a look at the list of genera which still need revision, perhaps you see a genus you like to revise. If you do, let me know and I can try to help as much as possible: peter.vanwelzen@naturalis.nl
In the, hopefully, near future a Ph.D. position will be available in L (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland – Leiden Universiteit Branch) for a reclassification of subtribe Acalypheae based on molecular and macromorphological studies. Unfortunately, this position is not available till at least January or February next year. Once it is open a worldwide call for applications will be made.
Again, already mentioned in earlier issues, the possibility exists to obtain a visitor’s grant from the Netherlands Science Foundation (NWO) for a 3 to 12 month stay in Leiden. The grant includes travel costs and a monthly payment. The application will be written by me, all you have to do is send in your ideas and a curriculum vitae. Processing of the grant takes three months.
In a former issue mention was made of databasing all Leiden collections of Euphorbiaceae. This big project is nearly finished and about 60,000 entries will then have been made in BRAHMS (Botanical Research and Herbarium Management System, Oxford, U.K.). The sheets of two genera and about 120 boxes with new material still have to be added, just like separate collections like wood samples, spirit, seeds, etc.
All entries comprise the information present on the labels except the identification history. However, from now on this history will be maintained for new identifications.
In the future we hope to present the data in a searchable manner on the internet, just like the Netherlands Type Collection (http://nhncml.leidenuniv.nl/rhb/#types).
Sofia Sevilla (L), an exchange student in the Erasmus programme of the European Union, has finished her revision of Agrostistachys and Chondrostylis. The manuscript will be published in the next issue of Blumea. One new Agrostistachys species will be described.
Hans-Joachim (Hajo) Esser has moved to Harvard for two years. There he hopes to finish his part of the Flora of Thailand Euphorbiaceae project and he will also finish the revision of Breynia. The latter in collaboration with Wolfgang Stuppy (K).
Vernie Sagun (L), a Philippine M.Sc. student, has finished the revision of the three Malesian Micrococca species.
Tutie Djarwaningsih (BO) has started a revision of Pimelodendron as a M.Sc. subject. Her collegue Teresia Danong started with a revision of Suregada.
Peter van Welzen (L) has temporarily stopped the revision of Glochidion. Priority will first be given to the completion of the Thai Euphorbiaceae treatment and the revision of Sauropus.
Ferry Slik (L) submitted his thesis for publication, this comprises the revision of two sections of Mallotus, Hancea and Stylanthus.
Anne Schot (L) is slowly finishing the treatment of Aporosa.
The treatment of the Euphorbiaceae for the Flora of Thailand is nearing its completion. Hopefully the manuscript of several dozens of collaborators will be finished in spring next year.
The 5th international Flora Malesiana Symposium will be held in Sydney from 9—14 September 2001, next workshops in Cairns. For information and registration see webpage: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.gov.au/fm/fm.html. This three-yearly symposium is THE meeting place for all people working on the Malesian Flora. I call upon you to join this usually very relaxed and informative meeting. This time there will probably not be a Euphorbiaceae workshop due to funding problems.
The next pages contain an Excell table with the descriptions of various genera in a tabelised form. The captions of the columns explain themselves. The sequence is from complete plant to leaves to (staminate) inflorescences and flowers, pistillate inflorescences and flowers, fruits, and seeds. In every next issue new genera will be added to this list and, perhaps once per year, a complete update will be published.
The purpose of this exercise is to create a basis for a multi-entry key, which, for instance, can be used for a CD-Rom production (e.g., with package Linnaeus II of ETI, Amsterdam).
One remark about the columns. If the genus is monoecious then information about Pistillate (P) and Staminate (S) flowers will already be in the column (staminate) inflorescence composition. When the genus is dioecious then this will be split for staminate and pistillate inflorescences and the information will be treated under staminate flowers and pistillate flowers respectively.
Additions to the table are very welcome, just like improvements or suggestions for additional characters.
|
Genus |
Habit |
Deciduous |
Succulence |
Dioecious |
Monoecious |
Latex |
Simple hairs |
Scale hairs |
Stellate hairs |
|
Aleurites |
tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
n |
n |
y |
|
Balakata |
tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
white |
n |
n |
n |
|
Bridelia |
shrub to tree to vine |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Cephalomappa |
tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
y |
y |
|
Chaetocarpus |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
y |
n |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Cheilosa |
tree |
n |
n |
y |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
|
Choriceras |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Chrozophora |
herb to subshrub |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
y |
|
Clonostylis |
tree |
n |
n |
y? |
n |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Doryxylon |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
y |
|
Erismanthus |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Falconeria |
tree |
flowering when leafless |
± twigs |
n |
y |
white |
n |
n |
n |
|
Fontainea |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
y |
n |
brown or red |
y |
n |
n |
|
Gymnanthes |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
white |
n |
n |
n |
|
Homalanthus |
tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
white |
y |
n |
n |
|
Homonoia |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
y |
y |
n |
y |
y |
n |
|
Lasiococca |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Manihot |
shrub to tree to vine |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Melanolepis |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
y |
|
Microstachys |
herb to subshrub |
n |
n |
n |
y |
white |
y |
n |
n |
|
Moultonianthus |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Neoscortechinia |
tree |
n |
n |
y |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
|
Petalostigma |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
y |
n |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Reutealis |
tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
y |
n |
|
Ricinus |
(herb to) shrub (to tree) |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
absent |
n |
n |
|
Sapium |
tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
white |
n |
n |
n |
|
Shirakiopsis |
tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
white |
y |
n |
n |
|
Spathiostemon |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Stillingia |
shrub to tree |
n |
twigs |
n |
y |
white |
n |
n |
n |
|
Strophioblachia |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
shrub to tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
y |
|
Syndyophyllum |
tree |
n |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Thyrsanthera |
herb to tree |
often completely burned in dry season |
n |
n |
y |
white in fruit |
n |
n |
y |
|
Triadica |
tree |
when sterile |
n |
n |
y |
white |
n |
n |
n |
|
Trigonopleura |
tree |
n |
n |
y |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
|
Vernicia |
shrub to tree |
n to flowering when leafless |
n |
n |
y |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Wetria |
tree |
n |
n |
y |
n |
n |
y |
n |
n |
|
Genus |
Stipules |
Stipule size |
Stipule position |
Stipule extrafloral nectaries |
Stipule shape |
|
Aleurites |
caducous |
1 mm long |
both sides of leaf |
n |
cylindric |
|
Balakata |
caducous |
1.5-2 by 0.5-2.5 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular |
|
Bridelia |
persistent to caducous |
1-12 by 0.3-6 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
ovate to linear |
|
Cephalomappa |
caducous |
minute |
both sides of leaf |
n |
linear |
|
Chaetocarpus |
caducous |
3-6.5 by 0.6-2.2 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
falcate, obovate |
|
Cheilosa |
caducous |
1-1.7 by 0.6-0.8 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular |
|
Choriceras |
caducous |
1-1.8 by 0.3 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
subulate |
|
Chrozophora |
caducous |
1.3-2.7 b 0.3 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular |
|
Clonostylis |
caducous |
|
both sides of leaf |
n |
|
|
Doryxylon |
caducous |
0.6-1.3 by 0.3-0.5 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular |
|
Erismanthus |
caducous |
2.8-13 by 0.7-3.3 mm |
interpetiolar |
n |
triangular |
|
Falconeria |
persistent |
0.75 by 1 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
divided into 2 or 3 ciliae |
|
Fontainea |
n |
|
|
|
|
|
Gymnanthes |
caducous |
0.5-1 by 0.75 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
ovate-triangular |
|
Homalanthus |
persistent to caducous |
0.5-12 cm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
ovate |
|
Homonoia |
caducous |
4.8-6.5 by 0.5-1.2 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular to ovate |
|
Lasiococca |
caducous |
2.3 by 0.9 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular |
|
Manihot |
persistent to caducous |
|
both sides of leaf |
n |
split or triangular |
|
Melanolepis |
caducous |
1.2 by 0.8 mm |
both sides of leaf |
apical gland, basally inside |
triangular |
|
Microstachys |
persistent |
0.6-2 by 0.2-0.5 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular |
|
Moultonianthus |
persistent |
0.8-4.5 by 0.5-3.6 cm |
interpetiolar |
n |
obcordate |
|
Neoscortechinia |
caducous |
0.8-10.5 by 0.3-1.5 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular |
|
Petalostigma |
caducous |
4-6 by 0.3-0.8 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
linear |
|
Reutealis |
caducous |
4-6 by 2-3.5 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular |
|
Ricinus |
caducous |
|
leaf opposite, encircling stem |
inside |
triangular, leaf opposite |
|
Sapium |
often persistent |
1.5-2.2 by 1.2-2 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
ovate to triangular |
|
Shirakiopsis |
caducous |
1.5-2 by 1-2 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
ovate to triangular |
|
Spathiostemon |
caducous |
1-2.4 by 0.8-1.1 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular |
|
Stillingia |
caducous |
0.8-1.5 by 0.3-0.75 mm |
both sides of leaf |
y |
ovate to triangular, divided |
|
Strophioblachia |
absent (shoot bracts stipule-like) |
|
|
|
|
|
Sumbaviopsis |
caducous |
0.6 by 0.4 mm |
both sides of leaf |
apical gland? |
triangular |
|
Syndyophyllum |
caducous |
3.2-4.9 by 1-1.2 mm |
interpetiolar |
n |
triangular |
|
Thyrsanthera |
caducous |
2.3 by 0.4 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular |
|
Triadica |
caducous |
0.3-2 by 0.6-0.7 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
ovate to triangular |
|
Trigonopleura |
caducous |
2-9 by 0.6-3 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
falcate, obovate |
|
Vernicia |
caducous |
2-12 by 1.2-4 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
triangular to elliptic |
|
Wetria |
caducous |
3-12 by 1.5-4 mm |
both sides of leaf |
n |
falcately triangular |
|
Genus |
Leaf arrangement |
Leaf |
Petiole |
Petiole length |
Pulvination |
Petiole glands |
|
Aleurites |
alternate |
simple |
terete |
3-40 cm |
n |
2(3) apically |
|
Balakata |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
1-9.5 cm |
n |
n |
|
Bridelia |
distichous |
simple |
terete |
3-13 mm |
completely somewhat |
n |
|
Cephalomappa |
alternate |
simple |
terete |
0.5-5.2 cm |
basally and apically |
n |
|
Chaetocarpus |
distichous |
simple |
reniform |
3-17 mm |
not or slightly pulvinate |
n |
|
Cheilosa |
alternate |
simple |
round to dorsoventrally flattened |
0.7-8.5 cm |
basally and apically |
n |
|
Choriceras |
opposite |
simple |
terete |
2-7 mm |
n |
n |
|
Chrozophora |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
0.8-5.5 cm |
n |
n |
|
Clonostylis |
alternate (to opposite) |
simple |
reniform |
2.4--3.7 cm |
basally and apically somewhat |
n |
|
Doryxylon |
alternate |
simple |
terete, but longitudinally grooved |
0.7-11 cm |
basally and apically |
n |
|
Erismanthus |
opposite |
simple |
reniform |
1-5 mm |
n |
n |
|
Falconeria |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
0.6-6 cm |
n |
apically |
|
Fontainea |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
10-26 mm |
somewhat basally and apically |
n |
|
Gymnanthes |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
0.4-2 cm |
n |
n |
|
Homalanthus |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
0.8-3.4 cm |
n |
y |
|
Homonoia |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
4-13 mm |
n |
n |
|
Lasiococca |
alternate to subopposite |
simple |
reniform |
1-4 mm |
completely |
n |
|
Manihot |
alternate |
simple |
terete |
|
basally |
n |
|
Melanolepis |
alternate |
simple |
terete |
2.4-31 cm |
basally constricted when dry |
n |
|
Microstachys |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
1-2.5 mm |
n |
n |
|
Moultonianthus |
opposite |
simple |
reniform |
4-7 mm |
n |
n |
|
Neoscortechinia |
alternate |
simple |
terete |
0.5-6.8 cm |
basally and apically |
n |
|
Petalostigma |
alternate |
simple |
terete |
2.5-10 mm |
n |
n |
|
Reutealis |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
4.5-32 cm |
n |
2 apically |
|
Ricinus |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
|
|
base/basal part |
|
Sapium |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
0.8-2.4 cm |
n |
apically |
|
Shirakiopsis |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
0.6-2 cm |
n |
n |
|
Spathiostemon |
alternate |
simple |
flattened above |
0.9-5.5 cm |
basally and apically somewhat |
n |
|
Stillingia |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
0.3-1.7 cm |
n |
n to adaxially 2 |
|
Strophioblachia |
alternate |
simple |
terete |
0.5-7 cm |
n to basally and apically slightly |
n |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
alternate |
simple |
terete, but longitudinally grooved |
1.2-11.2 cm |
basally and apically |
n |
|
Syndyophyllum |
opposite |
simple |
reniform |
4-13 mm |
n |
n |
|
Thyrsanthera |
alternate |
simple |
dorsally flattened |
2.8-6 cm |
n |
n |
|
Triadica |
alternate |
simple |
reniform |
1-4 cm |
n |
2 apically |
|
Trigonopleura |
distichous |
simple |
reniform |
6-15 mm |
not to completely somewhat |
n |
|
Vernicia |
alternate |
simple |
terete |
4-28 cm |
n |
2 apically |
|
Wetria |
alternate |
simple |
flattened above |
0.4-1.5 cm |
basally to completely |
n |
|
Genus |
Blade shape |
Blade symmetry |
Blade size |
Blade index |
Texture |
|
Aleurites |
ovate to shallowly 3- or 5-palmate |
symmetric |
6-40 by 3-30 cm |
1--4 |
coriaceous |
|
Balakata |
ovate to obovate |
symmetric |
7-22 by 3.5-11 cm |
1.7-2.5 |
papery to pergamentaceous |
|
Bridelia |
ovate to obovate |
symmetric |
2-28 by 1-12 cm |
1.1-3.7 |
papery to coriaceous |
|
Cephalomappa |
ovate to obovate |
symmetric |
4-28.2 by 2-10.4 cm |
1.9-4.5 |
coriaceous |
|
Chaetocarpus |
ovate (to elliptic) |
symmetric to asymmetric |
3.5-18.5 by 1.5-8 cm |
1.8-3.5 |
coriaceous |
|
Cheilosa |
ovate to obovate |
symmetric |
5.6-32.5 by 2.8-16 cm |
2 |
coriaceous |
|
Choriceras |
elliptic |
symmetric |
10-90 by 2.4-32 mm |
2.2-2.8 |
coriaceous |
|
Chrozophora |
ovate to 3-lobed |
symmetric |
2.6-9 by 2.6-9 cm |
1-1.9 |
coriaceous |
|
Clonostylis |
elliptic |
symmetric |
8.4-13.5 by 3.5-6 cm |
2.3-2.4 |
chartaceous |
|
Doryxylon |
ovate |
symmetric |
2.8-12 by 2.2-12 cm |
1-1.3 |
papery |
|
Erismanthus |
ovate to elliptic |
symmetric |
2.3-23 by 0.8-8.2 cm |
2.3--4 |
chartaceous to coriaceous |
|
Falconeria |
elliptic |
symmetric |
4.5-33 by 2-11 cm |
2--3 |
coriaceous |
|
Fontainea |
elliptic to obovate |
symmetric |
56-240 by 22-70 mm |
2-3.4 |
chartaceous |
|
Gymnanthes |
ovate to elliptic |
symmetric |
8-23 by 3-13 cm |
1.8-3.3 |
papery |
|
Homalanthus |
ovate to elliptic to orbicular |
symmetric |
3-36 by 1.5-30 cm |
0.75-4.6 |
papery to pergamentaceous |
|
Homonoia |
elliptic |
symmetric |
3.5-21 by 0.5-2.5 cm |
5--14 |
coriaceous |
|
Lasiococca |
obovate |
symmetric |
8-20 by 2.6-5.7 cm |
3-3.5 |
chartaceous |
|
Manihot |
palmatifid |
outer lobes asymmetric, middle symmetric |
papery to coriaceous |
||
|
Melanolepis |
ovate to 3-lobed |
symmetric |
5-38 by 5-34 cm |
1-1.1 |
papery |
|
Microstachys |
elliptic |
symmetric |
1.6-6 by 0.3-1.2 cm |
5-7.5 |
papery to pergamentaceous |
|
Moultonianthus |
ovate to obovate |
symmetric |
5.5-26.5 by 2.5-11 cm |
2.6-3.6 |
coriaceous |
|
Neoscortechinia |
elliptic to obovate |
symmetric |
2.3-38 by 1.3-12.5 cm |
1.4-3.5 |
coriaceous |
|
Petalostigma |
ovate to elliptic to orbicular |
symmetric |
10-65 by 7-45 mm |
1.4 |
subcoriaceous |
|
Reutealis |
ovate |
symmetric |
4-28 by 2.5-22.5 cm |
1-1.3 |
papery |
|
Ricinus |
ovate with broadly ovate to linear ovate lobes |
symmetric |
papery |
||
|
Sapium |
elliptic to obovate |
symmetric |
5-17 by 2.5-6.5 cm |
2--4 |
coriaceous |
|
Shirakiopsis |
ovate to obovate |
symmetric |
5-14 by 2-4 cm |
2.3-3.7 |
coriaceous |
|
Spathiostemon |
(ovate to) elliptic (to obovate) |
symmetric |
4.3-26.5 by 1.7-11 cm |
1.8-3.2 |
papery |
|
Stillingia |
orbicular to elliptic to obovate |
symmetric |
4-24 by 3-8 cm |
1.5-4 |
coriaceous |
|
Strophioblachia |
panduriform to cordate to obovate |
symmetric |
6-19 by 1.3-9.5 cm |
2-2.3 |
papery |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
ovate to elliptic |
symmetric |
6.8-37 by 3.2-19 cm |
1.6-2.6 |
papery |
|
Syndyophyllum |
ovate to elliptic |
symmetric |
6-31 by 2.3-12.5 cm |
2.2-3.8 |
chartaceous |
|
Thyrsanthera |
orbicular to ovate |
symmetric |
3.8-17 by 3.2-15 cm |
0.9-1.3 |
coriaceous |
|
Triadica |
ovate to elliptic to orbicular |
symmetric |
2.5-7 by 1-3 cm |
0.9-2.5 |
pergamentaceous |
|
Trigonopleura |
ovate to obovate |
symmetric |
4.8-21.5 by 2-7.1 cm |
2.1-3.8 |
coriaceous |
|
Vernicia |
ovate to 3- or 5-palmate |
symmetric |
4.5-27by 3.5-28 cm |
1-1.4 |
papery |
|
Wetria |
obovate |
symmetric |
8-56 by 4-21.5 cm |
1.6-3.2 |
papery |
|
Genus |
Leaf base |
Peltation |
Raised basal glands |
Leaf margin |
Marginal glands |
|
|
Aleurites |
emarginate to cuneate |
n |
n |
entire |
n |
|
|
Balakata |
attenuate to acute |
n |
n |
entire |
n |
|
|
Bridelia |
obtuse to acute |
n |
n |
entire to crenulate |
n |
|
|
Cephalomappa |
rounded to acute |
n |
n |
entire to crenate to dentate |
abaxial side of teeth |
|
|
Chaetocarpus |
attenuate |
n |
n |
entire |
n |
|
|
Cheilosa |
emarginate to cuneate |
n |
n |
denticulate to crenulate |
abaxial side of teeth |
|
|
Choriceras |
cuneate to truncate |
n |
n |
crenate to serrate |
n |
|
|
Chrozophora |
emarginate to obtuse |
n |
2 abaxially |
entire |
n |
|
|
Clonostylis |
attenuate |
n |
n |
entire to undulate |
sometimes glands in sinuses |
|
|
Doryxylon |
emarginate to rounded |
n to slightly peltate |
group adaxially when not peltate |
dentate |
teeth end |
|
|
Erismanthus |
oblique |
n |
n |
serrate (to crenate) |
teeth end |
|
|
Falconeria |
attenuate to acute |
n |
n |
serrate |
teeth end |
|
|
Fontainea |
cuneate to attenuate |
n |
n and y |
entire |
n |
|
|
Gymnanthes |
rounded to acute |
n |
n |
entire |
n |
|
|
Homalanthus |
emarginate to cuneate |
n to peltate |
1 or 2 or cluster adaxially, 2 abaxially |
entire |
n |
|
|
Homonoia |
acute |
n |
n |
serrate |
teeth end |
|
|
Lasiococca |
narrowly cordate |
n |
n |
entire |
submarginal, upper |
|
|
Manihot |
rounded to truncate |
n to peltate |
n |
entire |
n |
|
|
Melanolepis |
cordate to cuneate |
n |
group adaxially |
dentate |
teeth end |
|
|
Microstachys |
obtuse to acute |
n |
n |
asperities |
n |
|
|
Moultonianthus |
oblique |
n |
n |
serrate (to crenate) |
teeth end |
|
|
Neoscortechinia |
rounded to attenuate |
n |
n and y |
dentate |
abaxial side of teeth |
|
|
Petalostigma |
truncate to cuneate |
n |
n |
entire |
n |
|
|
Reutealis |
cordate to truncate |
n |
n |
entire |
n |
|
|
Ricinus |
rounded to truncate |
(narrowly) peltate |
y |
serrate |
teeth with adaxial gland |
|
|
Sapium |
obtuse to acute |
n |
n |
serrate when young |
n |
|
|
Shirakiopsis |
obtuse to attenuate |
n |
n |
serrate |
n |
|
|
Spathiostemon |
rounded to cuneate |
n |
n |
entire |
2 or 3 in margin basally |
|
|
Stillingia |
obtuse to cuneate |
n |
n |
serrate |
n |
|
|
Strophioblachia |
emarginate to rounded |
n |
n |
entire |
n |
|
|
Sumbaviopsis |
rounded |
peltate by 2-8 mm |
n |
(sub)entire to dentate |
few in margin or teeth |
|
|
Syndyophyllum |
cuneate to attenuate |
n |
n |
serrulate |
teeth end |
|
|
Thyrsanthera |
emarginate to truncate |
rim at attachment |
n |
entire to crenulate |
n |
|
|
Triadica |
cordate to acute to attenuate |
n |
2 adaxially |
entire |
n |
|
|
Trigonopleura |
emarginate to attenuate |
n |
n |
entire |
n |
|
|
Vernicia |
cordate to truncate |
n |
n |
entire |
single in sinuses of lobes |
|
|
Wetria |
cuneate |
n |
n |
serrulate |
teeth end |
|
Genus |
Leaf apex |
Apex mucron |
Upper surface |
Lower papillate |
Domatia |
Lower hairs |
|
Aleurites |
acute to acuminate |
n |
pilose |
n |
n |
pilose |
|
Balakata |
acuminate to cuspidate |
n |
glabrous |
n |
n |
glabrous |
|
Bridelia |
obtuse to acuminate |
n |
glabrous to pilose |
n |
n |
glabrous to pilose |
|
Cephalomappa |
acuminate to cuspidate |
n |
glabrous to midrib hairy |
n |
n |
glabrous to pilose |
|
Chaetocarpus |
acuminate to cuspidate |
often |
(sub)glabrous |
n |
n |
(sub)glabrous |
|
Cheilosa |
rounded to obtuse (to acute) |
often |
glabrous |
n |
n |
sericeous (to hirsute) |
|
Choriceras |
obtuse to acute |
n |
glabrous to midrib hairy |
n |
n |
subglabrous |
|
Chrozophora |
rounded |
n |
pilose |
n |
n |
pilose |
|
Clonostylis |
acuminate |
|
glabrous |
n |
few |
glabrous |
|
Doryxylon |
acute to acuminate |
n |
pilose |
n |
n |
pilose |
|
Erismanthus |
rounded to caudate |
n |
(sub)glabrous |
n |
n |
(sub)glabrous |
|
Falconeria |
acuminate |
n |
glabrous |
n |
n |
glabrous |
|
Fontainea |
acute to acuminate |
n |
glabrous |
n |
n |
glabrous |
|
Gymnanthes |
acute to acuminate |
n |
glabrous |
n to glaucous |
n |
glabrous |
|
Homalanthus |
rounded to cuspidate |
n |
glabrous |
glaucous |
n |
glabrous (to pilose) |
|
Homonoia |
acute |
|
midrib hairy |
y |
n |
scale |
|
Lasiococca |
cuspidate |
|
glabrous |
n |
hair tufts |
glabrous |
|
Manihot |
acute |
n |
glabrous |
glaucous |
n |
glabrous |
|
Melanolepis |
acute to acuminate |
n |
glabrous |
n |
n |
pilose |
|
Microstachys |
rounded to acute |
often |
glabrous |
n |
n |
pilose |
|
Moultonianthus |
acuminate to cuspidate |
n |
(sub)glabrous |
n |
n |
pilose to (sub)glabrous |
|
Neoscortechinia |
acute to cuspidate |
n |
(sub)glabrous |
n |
n |
glabrous to pilose |
|
Petalostigma |
rounded |
y |
sparsely pilose when young |
n |
n |
pilose |
|
Reutealis |
acuminate to cuspidate |
gland |
glabrous |
n |
n |
pilose |
|
Ricinus |
acute |
n |
glabrous |
n |
n |
glabrous |
|
Sapium |
acuminate |
n |
glabrous |
n |
n |
glabrous |
|
Shirakiopsis |
acute to acuminate |
n |
glabrous to subpilose |
n |
n |
glabrous to subpilose |
|
Spathiostemon |
cuspidate to caudate |
|
glabrous |
n |
n-hair tufts |
glabrous (to subhirsute) |
|
Stillingia |
retuse to acute |
n |
glabrous |
n |
n |
glabrous |
|
Strophioblachia |
acuminate to caudate |
n |
glabrous |
n |
n |
glabrous to subpilose |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
acuminate to cuspidate |
n |
pilose |
n |
n |
pilose |
|
Syndyophyllum |
rounded to acuminate |
usually |
glabrous |
n |
n |
subglabrous to pilose |
|
Thyrsanthera |
rounded to acute |
when acute |
pilose |
n |
n |
pilose |
|
Triadica |
obtuse to acuminate |
often |
glabrous |
y |
n |
glabrous |
|
Trigonopleura |
acuminate to caudate |
n |
glabrous to midrib hairy |
n |
n |
glabrous to hirsute |
|
Vernicia |
acuminate to cuspidate |
n |
(sub)glabrous |
n |
slightly hair tufts |
(sub)glabrous |
|
Wetria |
acuminate to cuspidate |
often |
glabrous |
n |
n |
glabrous |
|
Genus |
Glands upper |
Glands lower |
Venation |
Venation |
Nerves |
|
Aleurites |
n |
n |
trinerved to palmate |
closed near margin |
4--8 |
|
Balakata |
n |
0-several areas |
pinnate |
open near margin |
7--16 |
|
Bridelia |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near or in margin |
5--28 |
|
Cephalomappa |
n |
1-4 basally |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
4--11 |
|
Chaetocarpus |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
7--9 |
|
Cheilosa |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
6--9 |
|
Choriceras |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
6--8 |
|
Chrozophora |
n |
usually few submarginally |
3-nerved |
open near margin |
4 |
|
Clonostylis |
submarginal |
submarginal |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
5 |
|
Doryxylon |
n |
n |
5-palmate |
open near margin |
5 or 6 |
|
Erismanthus |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
8--12 |
|
Falconeria |
n |
row of marginal glands |
pinnate |
open near margin |
13--23 |
|
Fontainea |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
8--15 |
|
Gymnanthes |
n |
(sub)marginal row |
pinnate |
open or closed near margin |
10--16 |
|
Homalanthus |
n to basally |
different types in rows |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
8--15 |
|
Homonoia |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
13-16 |
|
Lasiococca |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
9--12 |
|
Manihot |
n |
n |
palmate |
closed near margin |
(1-)5(-11 or more) basally |
|
Melanolepis |
n |
(2 basal areas and additional smaller areas along veins) |
5- or 7-palmate |
open near margin |
7--8 |
|
Microstachys |
n |
0-6 marginal glands |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
13-35 |
|
Moultonianthus |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
10--12 |
|
Neoscortechinia |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
5--12 |
|
Petalostigma |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
5--7 |
|
Reutealis |
n |
n |
3-7-palmate |
open near margin |
4--9 |
|
Ricinus |
n |
(in epidermis) |
palmate |
open near margin |
(6)7(-11) basally |
|
Sapium |
n |
0-3 marginal glands |
pinnate |
open near margin |
12--23 |
|
Shirakiopsis |
n |
0-10 marginal glands |
pinnate |
open near margin |
15--26 |
|
Spathiostemon |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
6--8 |
|
Stillingia |
n to basally 2 at petiole |
0-17 marginal glands |
pinnate |
open near margin |
16--26 |
|
Strophioblachia |
n |
n |
3-nerved to 5-palmate |
closed near margin |
6 or 7 |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
n |
many near base and near margin |
3-nerved |
closed near margin |
10--12 |
|
Syndyophyllum |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
10--12 |
|
Thyrsanthera |
n |
scattered to submarginal row |
5-palmate |
closed near margin |
3--5 |
|
Triadica |
n |
0-3 submarginal glands |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
8--10 |
|
Trigonopleura |
n |
n |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
6--11 |
|
Vernicia |
n |
n |
3- or 5-palmate |
open near margin |
4--8 |
|
Wetria |
most basally, in line |
most apically, in line |
pinnate |
closed near margin |
14-32 |
|
Genus |
Veins |
Veinlets |
Staminate infl. |
Staminate infl. |
Staminate infl. |
|
Aleurites |
scalariform |
reticulate |
(axillary to) terminal |
single |
panicles |
|
Balakata |
scalariform to reticulate |
reticulate |
axillary to terminal |
single to group |
panicles |
|
Bridelia |
scalariform |
reticulate |
axillary |
groups |
fascicles |
|
Cephalomappa |
scalariform |
reticulate |
axillary |
solitary or 2 |
racemes |
|
Chaetocarpus |
reticulate |
reticulate |
axillary |
groups |
fascicles |
|
Cheilosa |
scalariform |
reticulate |
ramiflorous to terminal |
solitary |
panicles |
|
Choriceras |
reticulate |
reticulate |
axillary |
groups |
short racemes with fascicles |
|
Chrozophora |
scalariform |
reticulate |
terminal |
single (or 2) |
racemes |
|
Clonostylis |
scalariform |
reticulate |
|||
|
Doryxylon |
scalariform |
reticulate |
terminal |
single |
racemes (or panicles) |
|
Erismanthus |
scalariform |
reticulate |
axillary |
single |
catkins |
|
Falconeria |
reticulate |
reticulate |
terminal |
single |
racemes |
|
Fontainea |
reticulate |
reticulate |
axillary to terminal |
solitary |
cymes |
|
Gymnanthes |
reticulate |
reticulate |
axillary to terminal |
single |
racemes or panicles |
|
Homalanthus |
scalariform (to reticulate) |
reticulate to scalariform |
terminal |
single |
racemes |
|
Homonoia |
reticulate |
reticulate |
axillary |
solitary |
spikes |
|
Lasiococca |
scalariform |
reticulate |
axillary |
solitary |
racemes |
|
Manihot |
scalariform |
reticulate |
terminal |
groups |
panicles |
|
Melanolepis |
scalariform |
reticulately scalariform |
terminal |
single |
panicles |
|
Microstachys |
indistinct |
indistinct |
axillary to terminal |
single |
racemes |
|
Moultonianthus |
reticulate |
reticulate |
axillary |
single |
racemes (or panicles) |
|
Neoscortechinia |
scalariform |
reticulate |
axillary to terminal |
single |
panicles |
|
Petalostigma |
reticulate |
reticulate |
axillary |
solitary to groups |
fascicles or short racemes |
|
Reutealis |
scalariform |
reticulate |
(sub)terminal |
single |
panicles |
|
Ricinus |
reticulate |
reticulate |
terminal (or S axillary) |
solitary |
racemes or panicles |
|
Sapium |
reticulate |
reticulate |
axillary to terminal |
single |
racemes |
|
Shirakiopsis |
reticulate |
reticulate |
terminal |
single |
racemes |
|
Spathiostemon |
scalariform |
reticulate |
axillary |
solitary |
racemes |
|
Stillingia |
reticulate |
reticulate |
axillary to terminal |
single |
racemes |
|
Strophioblachia |
reticulate |
reticulate |
terminal |
single to 2 |
racemes |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
scalariform |
reticulate |
(axillary to) terminal |
single (or 2) |
racemes (or panicles) |
|
Syndyophyllum |
scalariform |
scalariform |
axillary |
single |
racemes |
|
Thyrsanthera |
scalariform |
reticulate |
(axillary to) terminal |
single |
racemes |
|
Triadica |
reticulate |
reticulate |
axillary to terminal |
single |
racemes |
|
Trigonopleura |
scalariform |
reticulate |
axillary |
groups |
fascicles |
|
Vernicia |
scalariform |
reticulate |
terminal |
single |
corymbs |
|
Wetria |
scalariform |
reticulate |
axillary to ramiflorous |
solitary to groups |
racemes |
|
Genus |
Inflorescence composition |
Length |
Bud |
Flowers |
Flowers |
Bracts |
Bract glands |
|
Aleurites |
P end of branches, rest S or S |
4-38 cm |
straight |
groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
n |
|
Balakata |
P (basally) and S (apically) or only S |
2-7 cm |
inclinate |
groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
y |
|
Bridelia |
S and P |
straight |
many |
actinomorphic |
triangular to ovate |
n |
|
|
Cephalomappa |
S (glomerules per node) and P (single) |
1.6-3.5 cm |
straight |
groups |
actinomorphic |
ovate |
n |
|
Chaetocarpus |
S or P |
straight |
2-many |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
n |
|
|
Cheilosa |
S or P |
up to 17 cm |
straight |
1-Mar |
actinomorphic |
triangular with side lobes |
n |
|
Choriceras |
S and P |
up to 10 mm |
straight |
1 to groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
n |
|
Chrozophora |
P (basally) and S (apically) |
up to 4 cm |
straight |
2 |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
n |
|
Clonostylis |
P |
straight |
1 or 2 |
actinomorphic |
n |
||
|
Doryxylon |
S or P, or P (basally) and S (apically) |
up to 10 cm |
straight |
single |
actinomorphic |
linear |
n |
|
Erismanthus |
P and S separate same axil |
7-9 cm |
straight |
single |
actinomorphic |
triangular to ovate |
n |
|
Falconeria |
S or P |
9-17 cm |
inclinate |
groups |
actinomorphic |
ovate |
y |
|
Fontainea |
S or P |
4 cm |
straight |
single |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
n |
|
Gymnanthes |
P (basally) and S (apically) or only S |
6-60 mm |
inclinate |
groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular to elliptic |
n or y |
|
Homalanthus |
P (basally, single) and/or S (groups apically) |
1-30 cm |
inclinate |
groups |
zygomorphic |
ovate |
y |
|
Homonoia |
S or P or S/P |
7(-10) cm |
straight |
single |
actinomorphic |
triangular to ovate |
n |
|
Lasiococca |
S (raceme) or P (single) |
straight |
single |
actinomorphic |
broadly ovate |
n |
|
|
Manihot |
P basally, S apically (or S or P only) |
straight |
single |
actinomorphic |
trangular |
n |
|
|
Melanolepis |
P or S (or P and S) |
up to 54 cm |
straight |
up to 5 |
actinomorphic |
ovate to triangular |
n |
|
Microstachys |
P next to S |
5-60 mm |
inclinate |
groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
y |
|
Moultonianthus |
P and S separate same axil |
up to 22 cm |
straight |
groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular to ovate |
n |
|
Neoscortechinia |
P or S |
up to 5-23 cm |
straight |
groups |
actinomorphic |
ovate to triangular |
n or y |
|
Petalostigma |
S or P |
straight |
1 to several |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
n |
|
|
Reutealis |
P end of branches, rest S or S |
4-30 cm |
straight |
groups |
actinomorphic |
obtriangular |
n |
|
Ricinus |
S basally, few P apically or S only |
straight |
groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
y |
|
|
Sapium |
P (basally) and S (apically) |
6-14 cm |
inclinate |
groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
y |
|
Shirakiopsis |
P (basally) and S (apically) or only S |
4-12 cm |
inclinate |
groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
y |
|
Spathiostemon |
S or P |
up to 28 cm |
straight |
single |
actinomorphic |
broadly ovate |
n |
|
Stillingia |
P (basally) and S (apically) |
4-6 cm |
inclinate |
groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular to ovate |
y |
|
Strophioblachia |
P or S (or P and S) |
up to 7 cm |
straight |
1--5 |
actinomorphic |
(ovate to) obovate leaf-like |
n |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
S or P |
up to 16 cm |
straight |
1--3 |
actinomorphic |
ovate |
n |
|
Syndyophyllum |
P (single) and S (groups) per node |
up to 34 cm |
straight |
groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
n |
|
Thyrsanthera |
P (basally) + S (apically) |
up to 16 cm |
straight |
single |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
n |
|
Triadica |
P (basally) and S (apically) |
2.5-14 cm |
inclinate |
groups |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
y |
|
Trigonopleura |
S or P |
straight |
2-many |
actinomorphic |
triangular |
n |
|
|
Vernicia |
S or P, or S + P at end of branches |
3-25 cm |
straight |
groups |
zygomorphic |
elliptic to triangular |
n |
|
Wetria |
S or P |
up to 42 cm |
straight |
2--4 |
actinomorphic |
ovate |
n |
|
Genus |
Bract size |
Glomerule peduncle |
Staminate flowers |
St. pedicel |
Sepals |
Sepals free |
Sepal shape |
||||
|
Aleurites |
2-5 by 0.5-2 mm |
5-12 mm |
5-15 mm |
2 or 3(4) |
free |
ovate to elliptic, inequal |
|||||
|
Balakata |
0.6-1.5 mm long |
0.8 mm |
0.5-1.5 mm |
2 |
calyx |
ovate |
|||||
|
Bridelia |
0.7-4 by 0.5-4 mm |
2-10 mm |
0-6 mm |
5 |
y |
ovate to triangular |
|||||
|
Cephalomappa |
0.8-1.4 by 0.2-0.9 mm |
0.1-2.7 cm |
1.6-3.4 mm |
0 mm |
3 |
calyx |
rounded to acute |
||||
|
Chaetocarpus |
0.8 by 1 mm |
2.2-3.7 mm |
3.8-4.6 mm |
4 |
y |
ovate to rounded |
|||||
|
Cheilosa |
0.7-1.5 by 0.4-2 mm |
2.2-3.5 mm |
0.7-2.3 mm |
5 (6) |
y |
ovate |
|||||
|
Choriceras |
0.5-1 by 0.8 mm |
2.3-4 mm |
2.6-9 mm |
2+2 or 3+3 |
free |
orbicular to elliptic |
|||||
|
Chrozophora |
1.6 by 0.3 mm |
4-6 mm |
0 mm |
5 |
calyx |
ovate |
|||||
|
Clonostylis |
|||||||||||
|
Doryxylon |
5.8-9.5 by 0.6-0.8 mm |
14 mm |
3.2-3.8 mm |
5 |
free |
ovate to elliptic |
|||||
|
Erismanthus |
1.2-3 by 0.3-1 mm |
1-2.5 mm |
2 mm |
1.5-3 cm |
5 |
free |
ovate to obovate |
||||
|
Falconeria |
0.75 mm long |
1 mm |
0.25-0.5 mm |
2 |
calyx |
ovate |
|||||
|
Fontainea |
3 by 1.5 mm |
5-7 mm |
2.5-5 mm |
4 |
calyx |
triangular |
|||||
|
Gymnanthes |
0.4-1.2 by 0.4-0.8 mm |
0.8-1 mm |
0.2-1.7 mm |
3 |
calyx |
ovate |
|||||
|
Homalanthus |
0.3-1.5 by 0.75 mm |
1-1.6 mm |
0.5-5 mm |
1 or 2 |
free |
kidney-shaped |
|||||
|
Homonoia |
1-2.2 by 0.7-1.7 mm |
4.5-5 mm |
0 mm |
3 |
y |
ovate to elliptic |
|||||
|
Lasiococca |
short |
3 |
y |
||||||||
|
Manihot |
5 |
calyx |
ovate |
||||||||
|
Melanolepis |
1.4-2.5 by 0.5-1 mm |
7-13 mm |
5-6 mm |
(4) 5 |
free |
ovate |
|||||
|
Microstachys |
0.4 mm long |
0.3-0.7 mm |
0.2-0.4 mm |
3 |
free |
spathulate |
|||||
|
Moultonianthus |
1.3 by 1 mm |
5-7 mm |
2.8-13.3 mm |
5 |
free |
ovate |
|||||
|
Neoscortechinia |
0.4-2 by 0.3-1.3 mm |
2-3.2 mm |
0-2.8 mm |
4--6 |
free |
ovate |
|||||
|
Petalostigma |
0.8 by 0.3 mm |
4-5 mm |
1-2 mm |
4 |
free |
ovate to obovate |
|||||
|
Reutealis |
2.5-7 by 1-3.5 mm |
10-13 mm |
1.2-5 mm |
2 or 3 |
calyx |
ovate, inequal to equal |
|||||
|
Ricinus |
>0 |
5 |
y |
ovate |
|||||||
|
Sapium |
0.6 mm long |
0.8-1 mm |
up to 0.5 mm |
2 |
calyx |
ovate |
|||||
|
Shirakiopsis |
0.75-2 by 0.5-0.7 mm |
0.8-1.2 mm |
1-2 mm |
3 |
calyx |
ovate |
|||||
|
Spathiostemon |
0.8-1.3 by 0.8-1.2 mm |
5.5-6 mm |
0-1.3 mm |
3 |
y |
ovate to elliptic |
|||||
|
Stillingia |
1-2 mm long |
0.8-1 mm |
0.2-0.5 mm |
2 |
calyx |
triangular |
|||||
|
Strophioblachia |
up to 13 by 2.5 mm |
4-4.5 mm |
5-20 mm |
5 |
free |
ovate |
|||||
|
Sumbaviopsis |
2 by 1 mm |
8-11 mm |
2.2 mm |
3--5 |
free |
ovate |
|||||
|
Syndyophyllum |
1.5-4.4 by 0.6-1.1 mm |
2-3 mm |
0-0.5 mm |
4 or 5 |
free |
ovate |
|||||
|
Thyrsanthera |
5.5 by 1 mm |
4.5-9 mm |
2.2-4.5 mm |
5 |
free |
ovately elliptic |
|||||
|
Triadica |
1-1.5 by 0.75 mm |
1-1.3 mm |
2-3 mm |
3--6 |
calyx |
triangular |
|||||
|
Trigonopleura |
0.7 by 0.7 mm |
4-8 mm |
2-10 mm |
5 |
y |
ovate to obovate |
|||||
|
Vernicia |
2-55 by 0.7-20 mm |
14-35 mm |
4-18 mm |
2 (3) |
calyx |
ovate, inequal to equal |
|||||
|
Wetria |
0.9-1.8 by 0.9-1.8 mm |
4.7-5.5 mm |
0.1-8 mm |
(2)3(4) |
y |
ovate |
|
Genus |
Sepal (lobe) size |
Sepal hairs |
Sepal papillae |
Sepal hooded |
Petals |
Petal shape |
Petal size |
|
Aleurites |
2.5-5.8 by 1.5-5 mm |
pilose |
n |
n |
5(6) |
obovate |
3.5-10 by 1.2-4 mm |
|
Balakata |
0.5-1.25 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Bridelia |
0.8-5 by 0.5-3.5 mm |
glabrous to pilose |
n |
n |
5 |
elliptic to spathulate |
0.3-3 by 0.2-2.5 mm |
|
Cephalomappa |
0.4-0.8 by 0.3-1.2 mm |
glabrous to subglabrous |
y |
y |
0 |
||
|
Chaetocarpus |
1.5-3 by 1.5-3.3 mm |
outside sericeous, inside glrabrous |
n |
n |
0(1) |
ovate to rounded |
1.5-3 by 1.5-3.3 mm |
|
Cheilosa |
1-1.5 by 0.6-1.3 mm |
sericeous |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Choriceras |
1-1.6 by 0.7-0.9 mm |
glabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Chrozophora |
3.2-4 by 1.2 mm |
pilose outside |
n |
n |
5 |
obovate |
3.7-3.8 by 1.5-1.6 mm |
|
Clonostylis |
|||||||
|
Doryxylon |
5.8-7.5 by 2.2-3.5 mm |
pilose outside |
n |
n |
5 |
elliptic |
6.2-8.3 by 2.7-3.5 mm |
|
Erismanthus |
0.9-1.5 by 0.5-0.8 mm |
glabrous to pilose |
n |
n |
5 |
elliptic to obovate |
0.8-1.4 by 0.5-0.8 mm |
|
Falconeria |
0.75-1 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Fontainea |
2.3 by 2.5 mm |
pilose |
n |
n |
5 |
ovate to obovate |
5-6 by 2-3.5 mm |
|
Gymnanthes |
0.4-0.75 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Homalanthus |
0.3-2 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Homonoia |
2.8-4.3 by 0.8-3.3 mm |
(sub)glabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Lasiococca |
subglabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
|||
|
Manihot |
glabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
|||
|
Melanolepis |
8 by 4 mm |
pilose outside |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Microstachys |
0.5 mm long |
ciliate |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Moultonianthus |
1.4-3 by 1.5-2.8 mm |
outer 3 pilose outside |
n |
n |
5(-7) |
elliptic to obovate |
5.3-7.5 by 1.8-2.3 mm |
|
Neoscortechinia |
0.7-2.5 by 1.2-2.6 mm |
outside and margin glabrous to pilose |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Petalostigma |
3.5-6 by 2.5-5 mm |
pilose outside |
n |
y |
0 |
||
|
Reutealis |
4-6 by 4-5 mm |
pilose |
n |
n |
5 |
obovate |
7.5-13 by 2.2-4 mm |
|
Ricinus |
glabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
|||
|
Sapium |
1.25 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Shirakiopsis |
0.5-0.8 mm long |
ciliate |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Spathiostemon |
2.4-3.5 by 1.6-2.3 mm |
glabrous to hirsute apex |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Stillingia |
0.75 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Strophioblachia |
3-4 by 2-3.5 mm |
glabrous to pilose |
n |
n |
0 or 5 |
obovate to obdeltoid |
0-2.8 by 0-3.8 mm |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
4.2-5.8 by 2-3.2 mm |
pilose outside |
n |
n |
4 or 5 |
ovate |
1.7-2.8 by 1.7-2.5 mm |
|
Syndyophyllum |
0.8-2 by 0.3-0.8 mm |
outside pilose |
n |
n |
0? or 2-4 |
ovate to obovate |
0.7-1.8 by 0.3-1.1 mm |
|
Thyrsanthera |
4-4.5 by 1.2-1.6 mm |
pilose outside |
n |
n |
5 (6) |
obovate |
3.2-5.5 by 1.2-2.1 mm |
|
Triadica |
1 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
n |
0 |
||
|
Trigonopleura |
2.3-5.5 by 1.3-3.5 mm |
outside tomentose, inside subglabrous |
n |
n |
5 |
elliptic to obovate |
3-5.3 by 1.1-2.4 mm |
|
Vernicia |
7-15 by 3-8 mm |
pilose |
n |
n |
5 (6) |
obovate |
15-35 by 5-20 mm |
|
Wetria |
2-3.1 by 1.3-3.2 mm |
glabrous to hirsute apex |
n |
n |
0 |
|
Genus |
Petal hairs |
Disc |
Disc hairs |
Stamens |
Stamens |
|
Aleurites |
partly pilose |
y |
glabrous |
17--32 |
4 whorls, outer 2 free, inner 2 united |
|
Balakata |
n |
2 |
free |
||
|
Bridelia |
glabrous to pilose outside |
annular |
glabrous to pilose |
5 |
filaments united with pistillode |
|
Cephalomappa |
n |
3--5 |
filaments united |
||
|
Chaetocarpus |
sericeous outside |
annular, toothed |
glabrous |
8--15 |
united, branching alternately |
|
Cheilosa |
annular |
hirsute |
9 or 10 |
2 whorls |
|
|
Choriceras |
n |
4 or 6 |
free |
||
|
Chrozophora |
pilose |
indistinct lobes |
glabrous |
13--16 |
united in column, 2- or 3-layered above each other |
|
Clonostylis |
|||||
|
Doryxylon |
glabrous |
n |
110-130 |
free |
|
|
Erismanthus |
glabrous |
n |
12--15 |
free |
|
|
Falconeria |
n |
2 |
free |
||
|
Fontainea |
pilose |
annular |
glabrous |
24--28 |
filaments united |
|
Gymnanthes |
n |
3 |
free |
||
|
Homalanthus |
n |
4--30 |
free |
||
|
Homonoia |
n |
> 100 |
united into 1 column, branching alternately, dichotomously |
||
|
Lasiococca |
n |
> 100 |
united into 4--7 androphores, dichotomously splitting per androphore |
||
|
Manihot |
10 glands within stamens |
glabrous |
10 |
2 whorls, outer larger than inner |
|
|
Melanolepis |
n |
200-250 |
free |
||
|
Microstachys |
n |
3 |
free |
||
|
Moultonianthus |
glabrous |
5 glands |
glabrous |
9--11 |
free |
|
Neoscortechinia |
n |
5--9 |
free |
||
|
Petalostigma |
n |
18-86 |
filaments united |
||
|
Reutealis |
claw pilose |
5 lobes |
apically pilose |
7--10 |
2 whorls, united in column |
|
Ricinus |
n |
>100 |
united into many androphores, dichotomously splitting per androphore |
||
|
Sapium |
n |
2 |
free |
||
|
Shirakiopsis |
n |
3 |
free |
||
|
Spathiostemon |
n |
> 100 |
united into 4--7 androphores, dichotomously splitting per androphore |
||
|
Stillingia |
n |
2 |
free |
||
|
Strophioblachia |
glabrous |
5 (2- or 3-lobed) or 10 glands |
glabrous |
15-50 |
free |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
glabrous |
n |
75 |
free |
|
|
Syndyophyllum |
glabrous |
n |
4, 5, 8, 10 |
free |
|
|
Thyrsanthera |
pilose |
annular, lobed or 5 glands |
glabrous |
40-60 |
united in column |
|
Triadica |
n |
2 or 3 |
free |
||
|
Trigonopleura |
hirsute |
5 lobes |
glabrous |
8 |
united into androphore, basally 5, apically 3 |
|
Vernicia |
glabrous |
5 or 6 (7) glands |
glabrous |
7--14 |
2 whorls, united in column |
|
Wetria |
n |
16-26 |
free |
|
Genus |
Stamen hairs |
Androphore |
Filaments |
Anther |
Anther dehiscence |
Connective glands |
Thecae |
Pistillode |
|
Aleurites |
y |
up to 1 mm |
0.5-3.8 mm |
0.6-0.9 by 0.3-0.7 mm |
introrse |
n |
2 |
n |
|
Balakata |
n |
0.4-0.75 mm |
0.25-0.7 mm long |
latro-extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Bridelia |
n |
0.7-2 mm |
0.7-1.5 mm |
0.4-1 by 0.3-0.5 mm |
introrse |
n |
2 |
y |
|
Cephalomappa |
n to y |
0.3-0.5 mm |
1.1-2.4 mm |
0.6-0.9 by 0.3-0.6 mm |
latrors |
n |
2 |
y |
|
Chaetocarpus |
y |
2.8-5 mm |
0.4-1 mm |
0.5-1.2 by 0.4-0.6 mm |
latrors |
n |
2 |
y |
|
Cheilosa |
n |
0.5-2.8 mm |
0.4-0.8 by 0.3-0.7 mm |
latrorse |
often appendage |
2 |
y |
|
|
Choriceras |
n to y |
1-2 mm |
0.4-0.6 by 0.3-0.5 mm |
latrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Chrozophora |
n |
3.3-3.8 mm |
0.3-0.8 mm |
0.9-1.3 by 0.7 mm |
extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
Clonostylis |
||||||||
|
Doryxylon |
n |
3.2 mm |
1.2 by 0.5 mm |
latrors? |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Erismanthus |
n |
0.3-0.8 mm |
0.5-1 by 0.3-1 mm |
latrors |
n |
2 |
4.8-9 mm |
|
|
Falconeria |
n |
0.75-1 mm |
0.4-0.6 mm long |
latro-extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Fontainea |
y |
1-1.5 mm |
2-2.5 mm |
0.8 by 0.5 mm |
latrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
Gymnanthes |
n |
0.3-0.5 mm |
0.25-0.4 mm long |
latro-extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Homalanthus |
papillate |
0.2-0.6 mm |
0.25-0.6 mm long |
latro-extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Homonoia |
n |
3-5.8 mm |
0.4 by 0.2 mm |
latro-introrse |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Lasiococca |
introrse |
n |
2 |
n |
||||
|
Manihot |
n |
introrse |
pilose appendage |
2 |
y |
|||
|
Melanolepis |
n |
1.5-2.3 mm |
0.8-1 by 0.5-0.6 mm |
introrse |
subapically on back |
2 |
n |
|
|
Microstachys |
n |
0.4 mm |
0.2 by 0.2 mm |
latro-extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Moultonianthus |
n |
0.7-2 mm |
0.5-0.8 by 0.5-0.8 mm |
latro-introrse |
apical triangular appendage |
2 |
3.5-5 mm |
|
|
Neoscortechinia |
n to y |
0.4-1.2 mm |
0.5-0.8 by 0.3-0.7 mm |
latro-introrse |
n |
2 |
y |
|
|
Petalostigma |
y |
1.5-2 mm |
0.8-1.2 mm |
1.5-2 by 0.5-1 mm |
latrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
Reutealis |
y |
up to 3 mm |
2.7-5 mm |
0.8-1.1 by 0.4-0.6 mm |
extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
Ricinus |
n |
latrors |
often appendage |
2 |
n |
|||
|
Sapium |
n |
1.25 mm |
0.5-0.75 mm long |
latro-extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Shirakiopsis |
n |
0.3-0.6 mm |
0.25-0.5 mm long |
latro-extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Spathiostemon |
n |
up to 5 mm |
0.4 by 0.3 mm |
latro-introrse |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Stillingia |
n |
1 mm |
0.4 mm long |
latro-extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Strophioblachia |
n |
1.8-2.8 mm |
0.3-0.6 by 0.3-0.5 mm |
latro-extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Sumbaviopsis |
n |
2.5-2.8 mm |
1-1.1 by 0.4-0.6 mm |
introrse |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Syndyophyllum |
n |
2.2-5.5 mm |
0.8-1 by 0.7-0.8 mm |
latro-introrse |
apical triangular appendage |
2 |
0-1.5 mm |
|
|
Thyrsanthera |
n |
3.3-3.5 mm |
short |
0.3-0.5 by 0.3-0.5 mm |
latrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
Triadica |
n |
0.75-1 mm |
0.4-0.5 mm long |
latro-extrors |
n |
2 |
n |
|
|
Trigonopleura |
y |
4-5.5 mm |
0.5-1.3 mm |
0.7-1.1 by 0.4-0.9 mm |
latro-extrors |
often appendage |
2 |
y |
|
Vernicia |
y |
up to 8 mm |
7-21 mm |
1.5-2.5 by 0.5-1.5 mm |
introrse |
n |
2 |
n |
|
Wetria |
n |
1-3 mm |
0.5-1.2 by 0.7-1 mm |
introrse |
n or appendage 0.5-0.7 mm |
4 |
n |
|
Genus |
Pistillate infl. |
Pistillate flowers |
Pistillate infl. |
Pist. Inf. Length |
Pistillate flowers |
Pist. Pedicel |
Sepals |
Sepals free |
|
Aleurites |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
7-12 mm |
2-6 mm |
2 or 3(4) |
y |
|
Balakata |
idem |
solitary |
idem |
idem |
0.8-3.2 mm |
0.6-5 mm |
2 |
y |
|
Bridelia |
axillary |
many |
fascicles |
2-14 mm |
0-6 mm |
5 |
y |
|
|
Cephalomappa |
axillary |
solitary to 2 |
raceme |
1.6-3.5 cm |
0.7-1.5 mm |
0-22 mm |
5 or 8 |
calyx and y |
|
Chaetocarpus |
axillary |
2-many |
fascicles |
up to 7.5 mm |
3.3-5 mm |
4 |
y |
|
|
Cheilosa |
ramiflorous to terminal |
solitary |
panicles |
up to 17 cm |
5 mm |
up to 8 mm |
5 (or 6) |
y |
|
Choriceras |
axillary |
solitary to 3 |
racemes to fascicles |
up to 10 mm |
2-3.5 mm |
1.5-2 mm |
3 + 3 |
y |
|
Chrozophora |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
3.2-3.3 mm |
1.4-2(-11 in fruit) mm |
5 |
calyx |
|
Clonostylis |
axillary |
1 or 2 |
raceme |
3 cm |
0 |
5 or 6 |
y |
|
|
Doryxylon |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
7.5 mm |
4.2(-10.5 in fruit) mm |
5 or 6 |
y |
|
Erismanthus |
idem |
single |
single flower |
1.7-5 cm |
1-2 cm |
1.4-6.5 mm |
5 |
y |
|
Falconeria |
idem |
solitary |
idem |
idem |
2.5 mm |
0-1 mm |
3 |
calyx |
|
Fontainea |
terminal |
solitary |
cymes |
5-8 mm |
7-15 mm |
4 or 5 |
calyx |
|
|
Gymnanthes |
idem |
solitary |
idem |
idem |
5 mm (young fruit) |
up to 9(-17 in fruit) cm |
3 |
calyx and y |
|
Homalanthus |
idem |
solitary |
idem |
idem |
1.5-1.8 mm |
2-22 mm |
1--3 |
y |
|
Homonoia |
axillary |
solitary |
spike |
2 mm |
0 mm |
5 (or 6) |
y |
|
|
Lasiococca |
axillary |
solitary |
single |
13 mm |
50--70 mm |
5 |
y |
|
|
Manihot |
terminal |
several |
panicles |
5 |
calyx |
|||
|
Melanolepis |
idem |
single or 2 |
idem |
idem |
4.5-5.5 mm |
3-6(-13 in fruit) mm |
(4) 5 |
calyx |
|
Microstachys |
idem |
single |
solitary |
1 mm |
1-3 mm |
0 mm |
3 |
y |
|
Moultonianthus |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
1 cm |
3-8.2 cm |
5 |
y |
|
Neoscortechinia |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
1.8-4.5 mm |
0-2.8(-7 in fruit) mm |
4--6 |
y |
|
Petalostigma |
axillary |
1 to groups |
fascicles to short racemes |
5-10 mm |
1.5-2.5 mm |
8 |
y |
|
|
Reutealis |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
8-10 mm |
1.5-5 mm |
2 or 3 |
calyx |
|
Ricinus |
terminal |
solitary |
raceme or panicles |
5 |
y |
|||
|
Sapium |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
c. 1.7 mm |
0 mm |
3 |
calyx |
|
Shirakiopsis |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
1-3.3 mm |
4-5(-30 in fruit) mm |
3 |
calyx |
|
Spathiostemon |
axilary |
solitary |
raceme |
up to 3.8 cm |
2.2-3.8 mm |
0.3-1.3 mm |
5 or 6 |
y |
|
Stillingia |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
c. 1.5 mm |
0 mm |
3 |
y |
|
Strophioblachia |
idem |
single or several |
idem |
idem |
5-15 mm |
up to 13 mm |
5 |
y |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
idem |
single |
idem |
up to 38 cm |
3.3 mm |
2.8-3.5(-4.2 in fruit) mm |
5 (6) |
y |
|
Syndyophyllum |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
2-2.5 mm |
0.5-1.3(-7 in fruit) mm |
5 |
y |
|
Thyrsanthera |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
5-7 mm |
0-2 mm |
5 |
y |
|
Triadica |
idem |
single |
idem |
idem |
1.2-3 mm |
2-10(-15 in fruit) mm |
3 |
y |
|
Trigonopleura |
axillary |
2-many |
fascicles |
4-8 mm |
2-10 mm |
5 |
y |
|
|
Vernicia |
idem |
single |
idem |
12-35 cm |
12-35 mm |
2-14 mm |
2 (3) |
calyx |
|
Wetria |
axillary to ramiflorous |
solitary |
raceme |
up to 90 cm |
2.8-4.8 mm |
up to 10 mm |
5 |
y |
|
Genus |
Sepal shape |
Sepals |
Sepal size |
Sepal hairs |
Sepal glands |
Petals |
|
Aleurites |
ovate to elliptic |
valvate |
3-7 by 2-6 mm |
pilose |
n |
5(6) |
|
Balakata |
triangular to elliptic |
valvate |
1-2 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
0 |
|
Bridelia |
triangular to ovate |
valvate |
1-4 by 0.8-3.5 mm |
glabrous to pilose |
n |
5 |
|
Cephalomappa |
triangular to elliptic |
valvate |
0.3-1.3 by 0.3-1.2 mm |
glabrous to pilose |
apex |
0 |
|
Chaetocarpus |
ovate to rounded |
imbricate |
1.5-3 by 1.5-3.3 mm |
sericeous outside, glabrous inside |
n |
0 |
|
Cheilosa |
ovate |
imbricate |
1.5-3.2 by 1.2-2 mm |
hirsute |
n |
0 |
|
Choriceras |
ovate |
imbricate |
1.5-1.8 by 1-1.3 mm |
glabrous to subpilose |
n |
0 |
|
Chrozophora |
ovate |
valvate |
1.5-2.2 by 0.5-0.7 mm |
pilose outside |
n |
5 |
|
Clonostylis |
triangular to ovate |
valvate |
1.3 by 1.5 mm |
outside sericeous |
n |
0 |
|
Doryxylon |
ovate |
valvate |
4-6.7 by 1-2 mm |
pilose |
n |
0 |
|
Erismanthus |
ovate to ligulate |
imbricate |
1.3-17 by 0.7-6 mm |
glabrous to pilose |
margin |
0 |
|
Falconeria |
ovate |
valvate |
0.75-1 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
0 |
|
Fontainea |
rounded-ovate |
valvate |
2-2.5 mm long |
pilose |
n |
5 |
|
Gymnanthes |
triangular |
valvate |
0.5-1 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
0 |
|
Homalanthus |
kidney-shaped to completely split |
valvate |
0.5-2 mm long |
glabrous |
n or y |
0 |
|
Homonoia |
ovate |
valvate |
1.1-2.3 by 0.4-1.1 mm |
margin and outside |
n |
0 |
|
Lasiococca |
elliptic |
valvate |
6--8.2 by 2.5--3 mm |
subglabrous |
n |
0 |
|
Manihot |
ovate |
imbricate |
glabrous |
n |
0 |
|
|
Melanolepis |
ovate to triangular |
valvate |
1.7-3 by 1.2-1.8 mm |
pilose outside, apically inside |
n |
0 |
|
Microstachys |
triangular |
valvate |
0.6-1.2 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
0 |
|
Moultonianthus |
ovate |
imbricate |
2.5-5.5 by 2.9-5 mm |
3 smaller pilose outside |
n |
5(-7) |
|
Neoscortechinia |
ovate |
imbricate |
0.7-2.5 by 1.2-2.6 mm |
outside and margin glabrous to pilose |
n |
0 |
|
Petalostigma |
ovate |
imbricate |
3.5-5.5 b 1.5-3 mm |
pilose outside |
n |
0 |
|
Reutealis |
ovate |
valvate |
3.5-4 by 3-4 mm |
pilose |
n |
5 |
|
Ricinus |
ovate |
valvate |
glabrous |
n |
0 |
|
|
Sapium |
triangular |
valvate |
1 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
0 |
|
Shirakiopsis |
triangular |
valvate |
1-1.75 mm long |
glabrous to pilose |
n |
0 |
|
Spathiostemon |
triangular to ovate |
valvate |
1-2 by 0.5-1.8 mm |
margin ciliate |
n |
0 |
|
Stillingia |
triangular |
valvate |
1.5 mm long |
glabrous |
n |
0 |
|
Strophioblachia |
ovate |
imbricate |
4-8.5 by 2.8-4 mm |
pilose when young |
n or glandular fimbriae along margin |
0 (few) |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
ovate |
valvate |
2.3-4 by 1.5-2.5 mm |
pilose outside |
n |
0 |
|
Syndyophyllum |
ovate |
imbricate |
1.2-2.1 by 0.6-1.2 mm |
outside pilose |
n |
0 |
|
Thyrsanthera |
linear |
valvate |
3.3-6.3 by 0.2 mm |
pilose outside |
n |
0 |
|
Triadica |
triangular |
valvate |
1-2 mm long |
glabrous |
n or y |
0 |
|
Trigonopleura |
ovate to obovate |
imbricate |
2.3-5.5 by 1.3-3.5 mm |
tomentose outside, subglabrous inside |
n |
5 |
|
Vernicia |
ovate, inequal to equal |
valvate |
7-15 by 3-8 mm |
pilose |
n |
5 (6) |
|
Wetria |
ovate |
valvate |
1.5-3.2 by 0.3-2 mm |
margin ciliate |
n |
0 |
|
Genus |
Petal shape |
Petal size |
Petal hairiness |
Disc |
Disc hairs |
Staminodes |
|
Aleurites |
obovate |
6-13.5 by 1.6-4 mm |
partly pilose |
y |
glabrous |
|
|
Balakata |
n |
|||||
|
Bridelia |
elliptic to spathulate |
0.3-3 by 0.2-2.5 mm |
glabrous to pilose |
annular with inner tubular one |
glabrous to pilose |
|
|
Cephalomappa |
n |
|||||
|
Chaetocarpus |
annular, toothed |
glabrous |
||||
|
Cheilosa |
annular |
hirsute |
||||
|
Choriceras |
n |
|||||
|
Chrozophora |
ovate |
1.3-2 by 0.4-0.6 mm |
outside pilose |
annular, flat |
glabrous |
|
|
Clonostylis |
n |
|||||
|
Doryxylon |
annular, flat |
glabrous |
||||
|
Erismanthus |
n |
|||||
|
Falconeria |
n |
|||||
|
Fontainea |
ovate to elliptic |
6-8 by 2.5-3 mm |
pilose |
annular |
glabrous |
|
|
Gymnanthes |
n |
|||||
|
Homalanthus |
n |
|||||
|
Homonoia |
n |
|||||
|
Lasiococca |
n |
|||||
|
Manihot |
annular |
glabrous |
||||
|
Melanolepis |
annular, flat |
glabrous to pilose |
||||
|
Microstachys |
n |
|||||
|
Moultonianthus |
elliptic to obovate |
up to 15.5 by 6 mm |
glabrous |
5 glands |
glabrous |
1 or 2 |
|
Neoscortechinia |
n |
|||||
|
Petalostigma |
n |
|||||
|
Reutealis |
obovate |
6-14 by 3-5 mm |
claw pilose |
5 small lobes |
pilose apically |
|
|
Ricinus |
n |
|||||
|
Sapium |
n |
|||||
|
Shirakiopsis |
n |
|||||
|
Spathiostemon |
n |
|||||
|
Stillingia |
n |
|||||
|
Strophioblachia |
ovate to elliptic |
4.5 by 2 mm |
glabrous |
annular |
glabrous |
|
|
Sumbaviopsis |
n |
|||||
|
Syndyophyllum |
n |
|||||
|
Thyrsanthera |
annular |
glabrous |
||||
|
Triadica |
n |
|||||
|
Trigonopleura |
elliptic to obovate |
3-5.3 by 1.1-2.4 mm |
hirsute |
5 lobes |
glabrous |
|
|
Vernicia |
obovate |
15-35 by 5-20 mm |
variously pilose |
5 or 6 (7) lobes |
glabrous |
|
|
Wetria |
n |
|
Genus |
Ovary |
Gynophore |
Ovary size |
Ovules |
Style |
Stigma |
Stigma |
Stigma glands |
|
Aleurites |
2-4-locular |
1.5-3 by 2-3.5 mm |
1 |
0 mm |
0.5-3.2 mm |
half to completely split |
n |
|
|
Balakata |
2-locular |
1.5-4 mm long |
1 |
0.1-0.5 mm |
0.75-2 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Bridelia |
2- or 3-locular |
0.6-2.5 by 0.3-3 mm |
2 |
0 |
0.5-3 mm |
not to split |
n |
|
|
Cephalomappa |
3(4)-locular |
0.9-2.3 by 0.6-2.7 mm |
1 |
0.6-1.8 mm |
0.7-2.5 mm |
not to split |
n |
|
|
Chaetocarpus |
3(4)-locular |
1-1.3 mm high |
1 |
0.3-1.2 mm |
1-2 mm |
subcomplete |
n |
|
|
Cheilosa |
3(4)-locular |
2-4 by 2-4 mm |
1 |
0.5 mm |
1.1-1.7 mm |
upper 2/3rd |
n |
|
|
Choriceras |
3- or 4-locular |
1-1.5 by 2-2.5 mm |
2 |
0 mm |
1.5-2.5 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Chrozophora |
3-locular |
short |
2.7-3 by 2.2-3 mm |
1 |
0.5-0.8 mm |
up to 2.3 mm |
almost completely split |
n |
|
Clonostylis |
3-locular |
2.5-2.8 by 2.3-2.5 mm |
1 |
0.7-0.8 mm |
5-5.5 mm |
upper 2/3rd |
n |
|
|
Doryxylon |
3(4)-locular |
3-6 by 3.5-5.5 mm |
1 |
1-2 mm |
2 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Erismanthus |
3-locular |
1.2-2.8 by 1.8-2.5 mm |
1 |
1.2-3.3 mm |
8.5-24 mm |
spilit in upper part |
n |
|
|
Falconeria |
2- or 3-locular |
1.5 by 1.5 mm |
1 |
0.5 mm |
0.5-1 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Fontainea |
3- or 4-locular |
1 |
short |
3-3.5 mm |
deeply bifid |
n |
||
|
Gymnanthes |
3-locular |
4.8 by 4 mm (young fr.) |
1 |
0.5-2 mm |
1-4 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Homalanthus |
2- or 3-locular |
1-3 mm long |
1 |
0-2.5 mm |
2-7 mm |
not split to split |
y |
|
|
Homonoia |
3-locular |
0.8-2 by 0.7-2 mm |
1 |
0(-0.3) mm |
1.4-4 mm |
not split to apically |
n |
|
|
Lasiococca |
3-locular |
3.5 by 2 mm |
1 |
0.5 mm |
1.8 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Manihot |
3-locular |
1 |
>0 |
often split |
n |
|||
|
Melanolepis |
2- or 3-locular |
2.5-3.8 by 3.3-4.2 mm |
1 |
0-2 mm |
up to 1.1 mm |
not to upper third split |
n |
|
|
Microstachys |
3-locular |
0.7 by 0.6 mm |
1 |
0 mm |
0.5-1 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Moultonianthus |
3-locular |
2.8-4.2 by 2.5-5 mm |
1 |
1 mm |
3.5-4 mm |
almost completely split |
n |
|
|
Neoscortechinia |
2-locular |
1.3-2.6 by 1.4-2.8 mm |
1 |
0 mm |
0.3-0.8 mm |
split several times |
n |
|
|
Petalostigma |
4-locular |
3.5-4 by 3 mm |
2 |
short |
5-6.5 mm |
not split, petaloid |
n |
|
|
Reutealis |
3- or 4-locular |
2.5-4 by 2-3 mm |
1 |
0 mm |
1.8-2 mm |
bi- or trifid, split more than half |
n |
|
|
Ricinus |
3-locular |
1 |
upper half |
n |
||||
|
Sapium |
3-locular |
1.7 by 2 mm |
1 |
0.5 mm |
1.5 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Shirakiopsis |
3-locular |
2.5 mm long |
1 |
1.5-4 mm |
3-6 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Spathiostemon |
3-locular |
0.8 by 0.6-0.8 mm |
1 |
0-0.9 mm |
up to 6.5 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Stillingia |
3-locular |
4 mm long |
1 |
1 mm |
1.5 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Strophioblachia |
3- (4-)locular |
1.2-2 by 1.7-2 mm |
1 |
0.9-2 mm |
2.5-4.5 mm |
split in upper twothird |
n |
|
|
Sumbaviopsis |
2- or 3-locular |
2.7-4.5 by 2.7-3.5 mm |
1 |
0.8-1.6 mm |
up to 3 mm |
upper third split |
n |
|
|
Syndyophyllum |
3-locular |
1.3-2.1 by 1.3-2.8 mm |
1 |
1-3.5 mm |
5-8 mm |
upper fourth split |
n |
|
|
Thyrsanthera |
3-locular |
5-7 by 3-5.5 mm |
1 |
0.9-1.8 mm |
up to 4 mm |
not to halfway split |
n |
|
|
Triadica |
3-locular |
1 by 1 mm |
1 |
1-3 mm |
2-3 mm |
not split |
n |
|
|
Trigonopleura |
(2)3-locular |
2.3-2.6 by 1.3-2.3 mm |
1 |
0.3-0.6 mm |
2.5 mm |
upper 3/4th |
n |
|
|
Vernicia |
3-5-locular |
4-5 by 3-4 mm |
1 |
0 mm |
4-10 mm |
upper third to complete |
n |
|
|
Wetria |
3(4)-locular |
1-1.1 by 1-4.6 mm |
1 |
0-2 mm |
3-13 mm |
upper 2/3rd |
n |
|
Genus |
Stigma surface |
Fruit |
Fruit appendages |
Fruit size |
Fruit colour |
|
Aleurites |
papillate |
lobed drupes |
4-8 low longitudinal ridges |
4-6.5 by 4-8 cm |
|
|
Balakata |
papillate |
berries |
n |
8-17 by 9-15 mm |
yellowish to green |
|
Bridelia |
papillate |
unlobed to bilobed drupe |
n |
4.5-25 by 3.5-30 mm |
purplish black |
|
Cephalomappa |
papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
n |
1.1-3 by 1.3-4.2 cm |
|
|
Chaetocarpus |
dendritic papillae |
unlobed rhegma |
n |
8-18 by 8-18 mm |
reddish brown |
|
Cheilosa |
papillate |
unlobed rhegma |
n |
2.2-5.2 by 2-4.3 cm |
greenish grey |
|
Choriceras |
papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
apical horns |
4-7 by 5-11 mm |
green-grey |
|
Chrozophora |
long papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
n |
8-9 by 5 mm |
|
|
Clonostylis |
papillate |
||||
|
Doryxylon |
long papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
n |
10-14 y 5-8 mm |
brown |
|
Erismanthus |
papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
n |
4.5-9 by 6.5-14 |
pale yellow |
|
Falconeria |
papillate |
unlobed rhegma |
n |
7 by 4.5-6 mm |
|
|
Fontainea |
papillate |
lobed drupes |
n |
25-26 by 12-13 mm |
pink to orange-red |
|
Gymnanthes |
papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
n or 3 pair of apiculae |
9-13 by 13-19 mm |
reddish pink |
|
Homalanthus |
papillate |
unlobed rhegma |
n to lateral projections |
3.5-15 by 3.5-15 mm |
|
|
Homonoia |
papillate |
unlobed rhegma |
n |
3.2-4.5 by 2.7-4 mm |
brown |
|
Lasiococca |
flat, broad papillae |
slightly lobed rhegmas |
n |
||
|
Manihot |
globose glands |
unlobed rhegma |
n or 6 ridges |
green to brown |
|
|
Melanolepis |
papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
n |
9-15 by 7-9 mm |
greenish brown to greyish |
|
Microstachys |
papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
2 rows of spines per locule |
3.5-4.5 by 3.5-4.5 mm |
orange |
|
Moultonianthus |
dendritic papillae |
lobed rhegmas |
n |
8-12 by 15-18 mm |
|
|
Neoscortechinia |
papillate |
unlobed rhegma |
4 ribs when immature |
1.7-4.1 by 1.1-2.7 cm |
grey |
|
Petalostigma |
smooth |
unlobed rhegma |
n |
11-22 by 15-20 mm |
orange-yellow to orange |
|
Reutealis |
papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
3 or 4 longitudinal ridges |
3.5-5.5 by 3-5 cm |
|
|
Ricinus |
papillate |
slightly lobed rhegmas |
n |
red to brown |
|
|
Sapium |
papillate |
unlobed rhegma |
n |
9 by 9 mm |
green-brownish |
|
Shirakiopsis |
papillate |
unlobed rhegma |
n |
15-31 by 16-32 mm |
blackish |
|
Spathiostemon |
flat, broad papillae |
slightly lobed rhegmas |
n |
9-12 by 6-7 mm |
pink-brown to red to yellow |
|
Stillingia |
papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
n |
5-6 by 5-6 mm |
|
|
Strophioblachia |
papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
n |
11-13 by 8-10 mm |
dark green |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
long papillate |
lobed or unlobed rhegmas |
n |
2.1-3.6 by 1.4-3 cm |
brown |
|
Syndyophyllum |
papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
n |
8 by 14-19 mm |
|
|
Thyrsanthera |
long papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
n |
10 by 7 mm |
|
|
Triadica |
papillate |
unlobed rhegma |
n |
7-12 by 7-9 mm |
|
|
Trigonopleura |
dendritic papillae |
unlobed rhegma |
6 ridges |
1-1.7 by 0.9-2.1 cm |
red to purple |
|
Vernicia |
papillate |
unlobed rhegma |
n to 3-5 grooves or ridges |
4-6 by 3-5 cm |
|
|
Wetria |
papillate |
lobed rhegmas |
n |
9-17 by 4-10 mm |
yellow-green |
|
Genus |
Fruit outside |
Fruit outside |
Fruit inside |
Wall |
Dehiscence |
|
Aleurites |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thick, fleshy |
indehiscent |
|
Balakata |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
thick, fleshy |
indehiscent |
|
Bridelia |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
mesocarp fleshy, endocarp woody |
indehiscent (to late dehiscent) |
|
Cephalomappa |
glabrous to pilose |
echinate |
glabrous |
thick, woody |
septicidal and loculicidal |
|
Chaetocarpus |
stinging hairs |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal + partly loculicidal |
|
Cheilosa |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thick, woody |
septicidal and loculicidal |
|
Choriceras |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal + partly loculicidal |
|
Chrozophora |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal + partly loculicidal |
|
Clonostylis |
|||||
|
Doryxylon |
pilose |
smooth |
basally few hairs |
thin, woody |
septicidal + loculicidal |
|
Erismanthus |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal + loculicidal |
|
Falconeria |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, fleshy to leathery |
tardily irregular |
|
Fontainea |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
fleshy sarcocarp, woody endocarp |
indehiscent |
|
Gymnanthes |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
c. thick, woody |
septicidal and loculicidal |
|
Homalanthus |
glabrous |
smooth to papillate |
glabrous |
thin to thick woody |
loculicidal to irregular |
|
Homonoia |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
loculicidal + partly septicidal |
|
Lasiococca |
pilose |
echinate |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal + partly loculicidal |
|
Manihot |
glabrous |
smooth to warty |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal + apically loculicidal |
|
Melanolepis |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
loculicidal + partly septicidal |
|
Microstachys |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal |
|
Moultonianthus |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal + loculicidal |
|
Neoscortechinia |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thick, woody |
septicidal + loculicidal |
|
Petalostigma |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
fleshy |
tardily septicidal + partly loculicidal |
|
Reutealis |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thick, woody |
septicidal + slightly loculicidal |
|
Ricinus |
glabrous |
smooth to echinate |
glabrous |
exocarp fleshy, rest thin, woody |
septicidal + partly loculicidal |
|
Sapium |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal |
|
Shirakiopsis |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
thick, woody or outer layer fleshy |
septicidal |
|
Spathiostemon |
glabrous |
echinate or smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal |
|
Stillingia |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
thick, woody |
partly septicidal, basal part of septae persistent |
|
Strophioblachia |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal + loculicidal |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
pilose |
smooth |
basally few hairs |
thin, woody |
septicidal + loculicidal |
|
Syndyophyllum |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal + loculicidal |
|
Thyrsanthera |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal + partly loculicidal |
|
Triadica |
glabrous |
smooth |
glabrous |
c. thick, woody |
septicidal and loculicidal |
|
Trigonopleura |
pilose |
wrinkled |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal + partly loculicidal |
|
Vernicia |
glabrous to pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thick, woody |
tardily septicidal |
|
Wetria |
pilose |
smooth |
glabrous |
thin, woody |
septicidal |
|
Genus |
Column |
Column length |
Seed |
Seed size |
Seed marbling |
|
Aleurites |
subglobular to ovoid |
20-32 by 20-32 by 15-25 mm |
y |
||
|
Balakata |
ellipsoid |
5 by 4.5 by 4.5 mm |
n |
||
|
Bridelia |
mainly absent |
(sub)ovoid |
3-10 by 2.3-10 by 1-10 mm |
n |
|
|
Cephalomappa |
broadly obtriangular |
subglobular |
0.7-1.3 by 0.7-1.3 by 0.7-1.3 cm |
y |
|
|
Chaetocarpus |
apically slightly broadening, big septa remnants |
6-7 mm |
ovoid, flattened |
5.2-5.5 by 3.5-5 by 2.7-3.5 mm |
n |
|
Cheilosa |
apex not broadened |
ovoid, keeled on one side |
1.5-3.3 by .4-2.2 by 0.8-1.3 cm |
n |
|
|
Choriceras |
apically slightly broadening |
4 mm |
ovoid |
3.5-4.8 by 2.5-3 by 2-3 mm |
n |
|
Chrozophora |
apically triangular |
3-3.5 mm |
obovate, angular |
3.8-3.9 by 3.2-3.6 by 3-3.2 mm |
n |
|
Clonostylis |
|||||
|
Doryxylon |
not to basally and apically broadened |
5.5 mm |
angular when unripe |
4-5 by 4-5 by 4-5 mm |
n |
|
Erismanthus |
apically broadened |
subglobose |
4-6 by 4-6 by 4-6 mm |
y |
|
|
Falconeria |
not broadening |
ellipsoid |
5 by 4.5 by 4.5 mm |
n |
|
|
Fontainea |
ellipsoid |
n |
|||
|
Gymnanthes |
not broadening |
ellipsoid |
6-7.5 by 5-6.5 by 5-6.5 mm |
n to y |
|
|
Homalanthus |
not broadening |
2-5 mm |
flattened ellipsoid |
3-7 by 2.25-4.5 by 2.25-4.5 mm |
n |
|
Homonoia |
apically tapering |
3-4.2 mm |
ovoid, keeled on one side |
1.3-1.8 by 1.8-2.2 by 1-1.5 mm |
n |
|
Lasiococca |
broadened apex |
obovoid, somewhat triangular |
n |
||
|
Manihot |
apically not thickening |
ellipsoid, doroventrally flattened |
y |
||
|
Melanolepis |
apically slightly broadening |
5 mm |
angularly ovoid |
5.5-6 by 4.5-5.5 by 4.5-5.5 mm |
n |
|
Microstachys |
not broadening |
3.5 mm |
elipsoid-obovoid |
2.5-2.75 by 2-2.25 by 2-2.25 mm |
n to y |
|
Moultonianthus |
apically broadened |
subglobose |
9-10 by 8-10 by 8-10 mm |
n to y |
|
|
Neoscortechinia |
not broadening |
2 cm |
ovoid |
1.4-3 by 0.8-1.4 by 0.8-1.4 cm |
n |
|
Petalostigma |
obtriangular, gradually broadening |
ellipsoid |
6-9 by 3-4.5 by 3-4 mm |
n |
|
|
Reutealis |
unknown |
discoid to subglobose |
22-32 by 22-28 by 17-20 mm |
n |
|
|
Ricinus |
apically tapering |
ellipsoid, doroventrally flattened |
y |
||
|
Sapium |
not broadening |
ellipsoid |
5 by 4.5 by 4.5 mm |
n |
|
|
Shirakiopsis |
not broadening |
1-8 mm |
ellipsoid |
8-13 by 5-8.5 by 5-8.5 mm |
n |
|
Spathiostemon |
broadened apex |
obovoid |
4.8-5.5 by 4-5 by 4-5 mm |
n |
|
|
Stillingia |
basally broadened, apically not broadening |
ellipsoid |
5 by 4-5 by 4-5 mm |
y |
|
|
Strophioblachia |
basally and apically slightly broadened |
6.5-7 mm |
subglobose |
6-7 by 5.5-6 by 4.5-5 mm |
y |
|
Sumbaviopsis |
apically broadened |
9-25 mm |
subglobose |
12-20 by 12-15 by 12-15 mm |
n |
|
Syndyophyllum |
apically broadened |
subglobose |
6.5-9 by 6.5-9 by 6.5-9 mm |
n |
|
|
Thyrsanthera |
apically broadened |
4-4.5 mm |
obovoid, angular |
4.2-4.5 by 3.8-4 by 3.8-4 mm |
n |
|
Triadica |
apically broadening |
ovoid |
3.5-8 by 3.5-7 by 3.5-7 mm |
n |
|
|
Trigonopleura |
slender, not broadening |
ovoid, flattened |
4.5-7 by 4.5-6 by 4.5-6 mm |
n |
|
|
Vernicia |
no distinctive column, broad triangular remnant |
obovoid to subglobose |
12-30 by 12-25 by 9-15 mm |
y |
|
|
Wetria |
broadened apex |
globular |
4-9 by 4-9 by 4-9 mm |
n |
|
Genus |
Arilloid |
Species |
Specialities |
Specialities 2 |
Specialities 3 |
|
Aleurites |
n |
2 species |
calyx opening irregularly |
||
|
Balakata |
thin sarcotesta |
2 species |
|||
|
Bridelia |
n |
15 species |
|||
|
Cephalomappa |
n |
5 species |
seed apex bilobed |
||
|
Chaetocarpus |
red aril upper 1/3rd |
1 species |
|||
|
Cheilosa |
red sarcotesta |
1 species |
|||
|
Choriceras |
n |
1 species |
|||
|
Chrozophora |
incomplete sarcotesta + apically caruncle |
1 species |
|||
|
Clonostylis |
1 species |
||||
|
Doryxylon |
thin sarcotesta |
1 species |
axillary buds into thorns up to 11 mm |
||
|
Erismanthus |
n |
2 species |
|||
|
Falconeria |
thin aril |
1 species |
|||
|
Fontainea |
n |
2 species |
|||
|
Gymnanthes |
n |
2 species |
|||
|
Homalanthus |
apically to completely arillode |
13 species |
|||
|
Homonoia |
red sarcotesta |
1 species |
|||
|
Lasiococca |
n |
1 species |
|||
|
Manihot |
apical caruncle |
2 species |
|||
|
Melanolepis |
grey to orange sarcotesta |
1 species |
|||
|
Microstachys |
caruncle |
1 species |
|||
|
Moultonianthus |
n |
1 species |
|||
|
Neoscortechinia |
red, fleshy aril |
6 species |
|||
|
Petalostigma |
caruncle |
1 species |
petaloid stigmas |
||
|
Reutealis |
n |
1 species |
|||
|
Ricinus |
2-lobed caruncle |
1 species |
|||
|
Sapium |
red complete aril |
1 species |
|||
|
Shirakiopsis |
n or inconspicuous caruncle |
3 species |
basal septum triangle |
||
|
Spathiostemon |
n |
2 species |
|||
|
Stillingia |
caruncle |
1 species |
carpophore |
||
|
Strophioblachia |
carunculate |
1 species |
|||
|
Sumbaviopsis |
thin sarcotesta |
1 species |
stamens on up to 1.4 mm high torus |
white latex in fruit |
|
|
Syndyophyllum |
n |
2 species |
|||
|
Thyrsanthera |
thin, translucent sarcotesta |
1 species |
|||
|
Triadica |
whitish sarcotesta |
2 species |
basal nerve forming leaf margin |
seeds long attached |
pistillate sepals partly to completely divided |
|
Trigonopleura |
pink aril for 2/3rd |
3 species |
|||
|
Vernicia |
n |
3 species |
|||
|
Wetria |
n |
2 species |
The following list shows the Malesian Euphorbiaceae genera in alphabetical order, the number of species estimated world-wide, estimated within Malesia, presence world-wide, and the contributor. This list is the updated version from the fifth newsletter.
|
Genus |
World |
Malesia |
Presence |
Contributor |
|
Acalypha |
430 |
25 |
Pantropical |
|
|
Actephila |
35 |
6 |
Indomalesia to Australia |
|
|
Alchornea |
70 |
3 |
Tropical |
|
|
Alphandia |
3 |
1 |
New Guinea, W Pacific |
Leiden students |
|
Annesijoa |
1 |
1 |
New Guina |
Leiden students |
|
Ashtonia |
2 |
2 |
Malay Penin., Borneo |
|
|
Austrobuxus |
17 |
1 |
Malesia to Fiji |
|
|
Baliospermum |
6 |
1 |
India to central Malesia |
Leiden students |
|
Bischofia |
1 |
1 |
Indomalesia |
Leiden students |
|
Blachia |
12 |
1 |
India to central Malesia |
|
|
Borneodendron |
1 |
1 |
N Borneo |
|
|
Botryophora |
0 |
1 |
SE Asia, W Malesia |
|
|
Breynia |
25 |
10 |
China to Australia and New Caledonia |
|
|
Cladogynos |
1 |
1 |
SE Asia, Malesia |
|
|
Claoxylon |
80 |
40 |
Old world tropics |
|
|
Cleidion |
25 |
3 |
Pantropical |
Leiden PhD |
|
Cleistanthus |
130 |
40 |
Old world tropics |
|
|
Cnesmone |
10 |
1 |
Assam to W Malesia |
|
|
Codiaeum |
6 |
10 |
Malesia to Pacific |
|
|
Croton |
750 |
35 |
Tropical and warm areas |
|
|
Dalechampia |
110 |
1 |
Warm areas, esp. America |
|
|
Deutzianthus |
2 |
1 |
Indochina and Sumatra |
|
|
Dicoelia |
3 |
1 |
W Malesia |
|
|
Dimorphocalyx |
12 |
5 |
Indomalesia to Australia |
|
|
Drypetes |
200 |
50 |
E Asia, S Africa |
|
|
Elateriospermum |
1 |
1 |
S Thailand, Malay Pen. |
|
|
Endospermum |
13 |
10 |
SE Asia to Fiji |
|
|
Epiprinus |
6 |
1 |
Assam to W Malesia |
|
|
Erythrococca |
30 |
1 |
Trop. & S Africa |
|
|
Euphorbia |
1600 |
30 |
Cosmopolitan |
|
|
Excoecaria |
40 |
5 |
Old world tropics |
|
|
Fahrenheitia |
4 |
1 |
India to central Malesia |
|
|
Flueggea |
13 |
2 |
Tropical |
|
|
Galearia |
6 |
5 |
SE Asia to Solomons |
Metilistina Sasinggla |
|
Glochidion |
300 |
150 |
Tropical |
|
|
Hevea |
9 |
1 |
Amazonia |
Leiden students |
|
Hura |
2 |
1 |
Trop. America |
|
|
Hymenocardia |
5 |
1 |
Africa, SE Asia to Sumatra |
|
|
Jatropha |
170 |
5 |
Tropical and warm areas, N America |
|
|
Kairothamnus |
1 |
1 |
New Guinea |
|
|
Koilodepas |
10 |
5 |
India to Malesia |
Ms. Muzayyinah |
|
Leptopus |
20 |
1 |
W Himalayas to Australia |
|
|
Macaranga |
240 |
125 |
Old world tropics |
|
|
Mallotus |
140 |
50 |
Old world tropics |
Bollendorff, Slik |
|
Megistostigma |
4 |
1 |
SE Asia, W Malesia |
|
|
Micrococca |
14 |
1 |
Old world tropics |
|
|
Microdesmis |
10 |
2 |
Trop. Africa, SE Asia, W Malesia |
Leiden students |
|
Neoroeptera |
1 |
1 |
NE Australia |
|
|
Neotrewia |
1 |
1 |
Malesia |
Leiden students |
|
Octospermum |
1 |
1 |
New Guinea |
|
|
Omphalea |
20 |
3 |
Tropical |
|
|
Ostodes |
4 |
1 |
E Himalayas to Borneo |
|
|
Pachystylidium |
1 |
1 |
India to Central Malesia |
|
|
Pedilanthes |
14 |
1 |
N to tropical America |
|
|
Phyllanthus |
600 |
80 |
Tropical and warm areas |
|
|
Pimelodendron |
8 |
4 |
Malesia |
|
|
Plukenetia |
15 |
1 |
Africa to Malesia |
|
|
Ptychopyxis |
13 |
10 |
Thailand to W Malesia, E New Guinea |
Murdoyuwono |
|
Richeriella |
2 |
1 |
SE China to central Malesia |
Leiden students |
|
Sauropus |
40 |
5 |
SE Asia, Indomalesia |
|
|
Suregada |
40 |
3 |
Old world tropics |
|
|
Tapoides |
1 |
1 |
Borneo |
Leiden students |
|
Trewia |
2 |
1 |
Himalayas to Hainan |
Leiden students |
|
Trigonostemon |
45 |
15 |
Indomalesia |
The following genera have been revised:
|
Genus |
World-wide |
Malesia |
Distribution |
Publication |
|
Agrostistachys |
9 |
5 |
India to W Malesia |
Blumea ms. |
|
Aleurites |
2 |
2 |
Indomalesia, W Pacific |
Blumea 44 (1999) 73-98 |
|
Antidesma |
>150 |
70 |
Old world tropics |
Kew Miscellaneous ms. |
|
Aporosa |
75 |
60 |
Indomalesia to Solomons |
Blumea Suppl. ms. Schot |
|
Baccaurea |
80 |
50 |
Indomalesia to W Pacific |
Blumea Suppl. 12 (2000) |
|
Balakata |
2 |
2 |
SE Asia, Malesia |
Blumea 44 (1999) 149-215 |
|
Blumeodendron |
6 |
6 |
Andamans, Malesia |
ms. Perumal |
|
Bridelia |
50 |
15 |
Old world tropics |
Blumea 41 (1996) 263-331 |
|
Cephalomappa |