The Macaranga Bicolor group
Goto on this page:
Twigs usually terete, sometimes glaucous, often with stipule scars. Stipules papery, usually caducous. Leaves ovate; base deeply peltate, rounded, margin often with glandular teeth, below often slightly glaucous, often velvety, granular glands sometimes sparse. Staminate inflorescences amongst leaves, mostly small crowded racemes or 3-axis more open panicles; bracteoles small, erect, persistent, larger than flower cluster, concave, entire (except M. bicolor, M. congestifolia), without patellar glands (except M. parabicolor), apex often acuminate or caudate, both sides furfuraceous. Staminate flowers usually pedicellate, stamens to 6, loculi 4 (3 in M. parabicolor). Pistillate inflorescences mostly spikes (racemes in M. congestifolia, M. parabicolor). Fruits pedicellate, (depressed) globose, leathery (fleshy in M. sarcocarpa), often sulcate, blackish, closely granular glandular, with persistent calyx, with small persistent apical stigmas. Seeds globose, with sarcotesta, pitted or striate.
Note — Section semiglobosae of Pax & Hoffmann approximates to this group
|
M. bicolor Müll.Arg. |
Philippines |
|
M. congestifolia Merr. |
Philippines |
|
M. pachyphylla Müll.Arg. var. pachyphylla |
Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java |
|
M. pachyphylla Müll.Arg. var. glabra (Whitmore) Whitmore |
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo |
|
M. parabicolor Whitmore |
Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas |
|
M. puncticulata Gage var. puncticulata |
Malay Peninsula, Borneo |
|
M. puncticulata Gage var. tenuiramea (Pax & K.Hoffm.)Whitmore |
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo |
|
M. sarcocarpa Airy Shaw |
Borneo |
|
1a. |
Leaves bullate, all nerves strongly raised below. Fruits fleshy — Borneo |
|
|
1b. |
Leaves otherwise. Fruits leathery |
|
|
2a. |
Stipules tiny, ovate, 2 mm, apex acute, erect, soon caducous. Twigs angular |
|
|
2b. |
Stipules larger. Twigs terete |
|
|
3a. |
Leaves not lobed, bicoloured, grey above brown below or vice versa. Staminate bracteoles entire to shallowly dentate. Fruiting pedicel to 12 mm. — Philippines generally |
|
|
3b. |
Leaves mostly very shallowly 3-lobed, drying brown or slate grey. Staminate bracteoles fimbriate. Fruiting pedicel to 7 mm — Philippines (Palawan only) |
|
|
4a. |
Stipules elliptic, 7 by 2 mm. Twigs usually hollow and ant-inhabited. Lowlands, usually swamps |
|
|
4b. |
Stipules ovate, 12–20 by 8–10 mm. Fruiting pedicel 3 mm. Twigs solid, without ants. Mountains |
|
|
5a. |
Leaves ovate oblong base broadly rounded, marginal teeth inconspicuous. Twigs usually hollow but not grossly or unevenly swollen — Malay Peninsula, Borneo |
|
|
5b. |
Leaves narrowly oblong with truncate base, margin with very conspicuous protruding glandular teeth. Twigs hollow, unevenly grossly swollen — Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo |
|
|
6a. |
Stipules 20 by 10 mm. Staminate bracteoles with 2 adaxial patellar glands. Infructescence a raceme. Fruiting pedicel 3 mm — Lesser Sunda Islands |
|
|
6b. |
Stipules 12 by 10 mm. Staminate bracteoles without patellar glands. Infructescence a spike. Fruiting pedicel 10 mm |
|
|
7a. |
Leaves below velvety from spreading hairs on all main nerves with sparse granular glands. Twigs softly fawn tomentose to glabrous and glaucous — Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java |
|
|
7b. |
Leaves below glabrous or with (usually scattered) hairs on (main) nerves, closely granular glandular. Twigs glabrous sometimes glaucous— Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo |