Flora of Thailand
Euphorbiaceae
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Boerl., Icon. Bogor. 1: 71, 6. 23. 1897; Pax & K.Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV.147.vii: 15. 1914; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 14: 359. 1960; Kew Bull. 26: 231. 1972; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2: 77. 1973; G.L.Webster, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81: 70. 1994; Sevilla & Welzen, Blumea 46: 89. 2001; Radcl.-Sm., Gen. Euphorbiacearum (2001) 134; Welzen & Sevilla in Chayam. & Welzen, Fl. Thailand 8, 1: 155. 2005; G.L.Webster in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 11: 111. 2014.— Kunstlerodendron Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 283. 1924.
Shrubs or trees, dioecious? Indumentum consisting of simple hairs. Stipules linear triangular. Leaves alternate, simple, symmetric, (sub)coriaceous, base emarginate to attenuate, margin dentate to crenulate, teeth ending in glands, apex acuminate to cuspidate; both sides smooth, glabrous, upper surface with or without glands at insertion; nerves pinnate, ending open to looping and closed near margin in upper part, veins scalariform. Inflorescences axillary panicles, branching, single, (sub)sericeous. Flowers actinomorphic, petals absent. Staminate flowers pedicellate; sepals 3 or 4; disc lobes between the stamens, pilose; stamens c. 30, filaments free; anthers with 2 pairs of thecae separated by obtrapezoid connective, attached apically; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers: sepals bract-like, 5; disc annular or indistinct, hairy; pistil 3-locular, ovules 1 per locule; stigmas sessile, split in upper part. Fruit a lobed rhegma, smooth. Seed obovoid, apically carunculate.
Two species, one in Peninsular Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra, the other in Sumatra and Borneo. Classification: Subfam. Acalyphoideae, tribe Agrostistachydeae.
Chondrostylis kunstleri (King ex Hook.f.) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 14: 359. 1960; Kew Bull. 16: 345. 1963; Kew Bull. 20: 27, 398. 1966; Kew Bull. 26: 231. 1972; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2: 77. 1973; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 4: 69. 1975; Kew Bull. 36: 277. 1981; Sevilla & Welzen, Blumea 46: 92, Fig. 4a-f, Map 7. 2001; Welzen & Sevilla in Chayam. & Welzen, Fl. Thailand 8, 1: 155, plate IX: 1. 2005; Fl. Thailand 8, 2: 614, Fig. 5. 2007.— Mallotus ? kunstleri King ex Hook.f., Fl. Br. India 5: 443. 1887.— Kunstlera glumacea King ex Hook.f., Fl. Br. India 5: 443. 1887, in observation.— Kunstlerodendron sublanceolata Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 283. 1924, nom. superfl.
Shrubs to trees up to 17 m high. Stipules 7—10 by 2—3 mm, scars up to 2 cm below the leaves. Leaves: petiole 2—10 cm long, sometimes with glands at the upper apical part; blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 7—45 by 2—15 cm, length/width ratio 2.4—4.5, nerves 10—25 per side per side. Inflorescences up to 25 cm long. Flowers white to cream to pale greenish. Staminate flowers 2—3 by 2.5—3.5 mm; pedicel c. 1 mm long; sepals c. 2.5 by 1 mm; stamens c. 30, filaments 2—3 mm long. Pistillate flowers c. 3 by 4 mm; pedicel c. 1.5 mm long; sepals c. 1.5 by 1 mm; disc c. 0.5 mm high, margin lobed; ovary 2—2.5 by 2.5—3 mm; stigmas c. 2 mm long. Fruits 0.4—1 by 0.5—1.5 cm high, glabrous to sericeous. Seed 0.5—1.2 by 0.4—0.7 cm.
T h a i l a n d.— PENINSULAR: Yala (Khao Pa Kre), Narathiwat (Waeng); Pattani (Banang Sta, Betong).
D i s t r i b u t i o n.— Peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula (type), and Sumatra (Indonesia).
E c o l o g y.— Locally frequent in primary evergreen Dipterocarp forest; on hillsides and ridges, often near streams; soil: sandy loam, clay-loam, granite. Altitude: 70—2310 m.
V e r n a c u l a r.— Tong khaeng (ตองแข้ง) (Peninsular).