Flora of Thailand
Euphorbiaceae
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K. Chayamarit & P.C. van Welzen
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Zipp. ex Span., Linnaea 15: 349. 1841; Benth. in Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 3: 323. 1885; Pax & K.Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV.147.vii: 264. 1914; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. 3: 276. 1924; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 478. 1926; Back. & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 485. 1963; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 26: 232. 1972; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Mal. 2: 78. 1973; G.L. Webster, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81: 79. 1994; Radcl.-Sm., Gen. Euphorbiacearum: 182. 2001; Welzen & Chayam. in Chayam. & Welzen, Fl. Thailand 8, 1: 158. 2005; Welzen, Edinburgh J. Bot. 69: 401. 2012; G.L.Webster in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 11: 136. 2014.— Adenogynum Rchb.f. & Zoll., Acta Soc. Regiae Sci. Indo-Neerl. 1: 23. 1856.— Chloradenia Baill., Étude Euphorb.: 471. 1858.
Shrub, monoecious. Indumentum stellate, white, dense on most parts. Stipules minute. Leaves alternate, simple; petiole long; blade with slightly peltate base, margin coarsely double dentate, lower surface whitish, basally 3-nerved. Inflorescences axillary racemes with a terminal, densely capitate group of staminate flowers and basally a single or few larger pistillate flowers; staminate bracts minute, pistillate ones somewhat foliaceous. Flowers actinomorphic; petals absent. Staminate flowers subsessile; sepals 3 or 4, valvate; disc absent; stamens (3)4(5), filaments free; pistillode slender column. Pistillate flowers pedicellate; sepals 5-7, foliaceous, disc-glands alternisepalous; ovary 3(4)-locular, tomentose; ovules single per locule; style present, stigmas elongate, split at the apex. Fruits capsular, tomentose, dehiscing into 2-valved cocci; columella persistent. Seeds subglobose, marbled, caruncle or aril absent.
A monotypic genus of tropical Asia. Thailand to Philippines, Java and Timor.
Cladogynos orientalis Zipp. ex Span., Linnaea 15: 349. 1841; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. 3: 276. 1924; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 478. 1926; Back. & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 486. 1963; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 26: 232. 1972; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Mal. 2: 78. 1973; Welzen & Chayam. in Chayam. & Welzen, Fl. Thailand 8, 1: 158, plate VIII: 3. 2005; Fl. Thailand 8, 2: 615, Fig. 6. 2007; Welzen, Edinburgh J. Bot. 69: 402, Fig. 5. 2012.— Adenogynum discolor Rchb.f. & Zoll., Acta Soc. Regiae Sci. Indo-Neerl. 1: 23. 1856.— Chloradnia discolor (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Baill., Étude Euphorb.: 472. 1858.— Cephalocroton discolor (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15, 2: 761. 1866.— Adenochlaena siamensis Ridl., J. Roy. As. Soc. Str. Br. 59: 180. 1911.— Baprea bicolor Pierre ex Pax & K.Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV.147.vii: 264. 1914.
Shrub to 3 m high. Leaves: petiole 2-7.5 cm long; blade ovate to elliptic, 6.5-16 by 2.5-6 cm, base subpeltate, obtuse to rounded; apex acute to acuminate, dark green above, densely white pubescent and floccose beneath. Inflorescences 1-2 long; peduncle 0.5-1 cm long. Flowers yellow-green to white. Staminate flowers in heads of 5-6.5 mm in diameter; sepals ca. 1.5 mm long, hairy outside, base and inside glabrous; stamens 2-3 mm long, anthers yellow. Pistillate flowers: sepals 5-6 mm long. Fruits 10-11 by c. 6 mm, white woolly.
Thailand.— NORTHERN: Sukhothai, Nakhon Sawan (Mae Wong); NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Phu Kradueng, Phu Luang), Ubon Ratchathani (Chong Mek), Sakhon Nakhon (Phu Phan National Park), Khon Kaen (Dong Lan, Chum Phae); EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Pak Thong Chai, Sakaerat) SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Sisawat and Erawan Waterfall), Ratchaburi (Khao Nam Tok), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan National Park), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang Waterfall), CENTRAL: Saraburi (Sam Lan), Nakhon Nayok (Khao Yai National Park); SOUTH-EASTERN: Prachin Buri (Ban Bueng Hills), Chon Buri (Sattahip); PENINSULAR: Surat Thani (Khao Phra Rahu, Kanturi, Ko Tao), Phangnga (Khao Bo Ngu Luam, Takua Thung), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Tung Song), Trang (Nam Tai)
Distribution.— South China, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula, Java, Philippines, and Lesser Sunda Islands.
Ecology.— Common near streams in evergreen forest, on limestone hills, mixed deciduous forest. Alt. 30–450 m. Flowering: January to September; fruiting: October.
Vernacular.— Chet tha phung khi (เจตพังคี) (Chiang Mai); tong ta phran (ตองตาพราน) (Saraburi); takia (ตะเกีย), plao ngoen (เปล้าเงิน), nat takua (หนาดตะกั่ว) (Nakhon Ratchasima); bai lang khao (ใบหลังขาว) (Central); mon khao (มนเขา) (Surat Thani); sami (สมี) (Prachuap Khiri Khan); plao nam ngoen (เปล้าน้ำเงิน) (Peninsular)