Flora of Thailand
Euphorbiaceae
|
|
|
Goto on this page:
Wall. [Cat.: 8011. 1846, nom. nud.] ex Müll.Arg. in DC., Prod. 15, 2: 1138 1866; Hook.f., Fl. Br. India 5: 405. 1887; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 461. 1926; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 26: 260. 1972; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2: 95. 1973; G.L.Webster, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81: 66. 1994; Welzen, Blumea 40: 379. 1995; Radcl.-Sm., Gen. Euphorbiacearum: 122. 2001; Welzen in Chayam. & Welzen, Fl. Thailand 8, 1: 261. 2005; G.L.Webster in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 11: 107. 2014.
Shrubs to trees, monoecious. Indumentum of simple hairs. Stipules interpetiolar, caducous. Petiole usually red. Leaves simple, distichous, opposite, symmetric, base oblique, cordate, margin slightly serrate (to crenate), with a gland in each tooth; venation pinnate, looped and closed near the margin, with several pairs of footnerves, veins obliquely subscalariform, veinlets reticulate. Staminate and pistillate inflorescences separate in same axil, alternating per node; staminate ones short, bract-rich catkins, per bract one flower; pistillate inflorescences with a single flower. Flowers actinomorphic; sepals 5, imbricate; disc absent. Staminate flowers: pedicels very long; sepals membranous; petals 5, shorter than sepals; stamens 12-15, on a short torus; pistillode present. Pistillate flowers: sepals bract- or leaf-like; petals absent; ovary 3-locular; one ovule per locule. Fruits 3-lobed rhegmas, outside sericeous, glabrescent, inside glabrous. Seeds without an arilloid.
Two species, one present in S.E. Asia (S. China, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, northern half of Thailand) and the other in Malesia: Peninsular S. Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. Classification: Subfam. Acalyphoideae, tribe Erismantheae.
|
1a. |
Leaf blades 7-23 cm long, most leaves on flowering branches more than 10 cm long; apex acuminate to caudate, very apex rounded to acute. Bracts to the staminate flowers 1.6-3 mm long, long acute. Sepals of pistillate flowers 5.5-17 by 3.3-6 mm. Fruit wall inside one colour. |
|
|
1b. |
Leaf blades 2.3-13.5(-16.5) cm long, most leaves on flowering branches less than 10 cm long; apex rounded to acuminate (to cuspidate), very apex emarginate to rounded. Bracts to the staminate flowers 1.2-1.8 mm long, short acute. Sepals of pistillate flowers 1.3-4.5 by 0.7-2.1 mm. Fruit wall inside with light short stripes. |
1. Erismanthus obliquus Wall. [Cat.: 8011. 1846, nom. nud.] ex Müll.Arg. in DC., Prod. 15, 2: 1138. 1866; Hook.f., Fl. Br. India 5: 405. 1887; Pax & K.Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV.147.iii: 34. 1911; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 464. 1926; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 26: 260. 1972; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2: 95. 1973; Welzen, Blumea 40: 381, fig. 2, map 1. 1995; in Chayam. & Welzen, Fl. Thailand 8, 1: 261, fig. 66, plate XVI: 1. 2005.
Tree up to 17 m high. Leaves: stipules 4.3-13 by 1.2-3.3 mm; petiole 1-4 mm long; blade elliptic, 7-23 by 2.5-8.2 cm (mostly more than 10 cm long), length/width ratio 2.3-2.8, chartaceous, apex acuminate to caudate, very apex rounded to acute, (sub)glabrous on both sides, nerves 8-11 per side. Staminate catkins 7-9 by 3.5-4 mm when without flowers, brown; peduncle 1-2 mm long; bracts to the flowers c. 1.6-3 by 0.3-0.4 mm, long acute. Staminate flowers c. 2 mm in diameter, green to pale yellow brown to cream; pedicel more than 1.5 cm long; sepals elliptic to obovate, 0.9-1.5 by 0.5-0.7 mm; petals 1-1.2 by c. 0.5 mm; stamens 15. Pistillate flowers c. 2 cm in diameter, green to orange-pink; pedicel 2.8-6.5 mm long; sepals ovate, 5.5-17 by 3.3-6 mm, margin slightly serrate, with glands, apex acute, outside and margin subsericeous. Fruits 13-14 by 8-9 mm high, pale yellow, inside of one colour. Seed ± globose, 4-6 mm in diameter
T h a i l a n d.— PENINSULAR: Songkhla (Khao Soi Dao), Yala (Banang Sata, Than To).
D i s t r i b u t i o n.— S. Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia (type), N. Sumatra, N.E. and S. Kalimantan.
E c o l o g y.— In (slightly disturbed) rain forest, often along rivers; common in undergrowth; soil: limestone. Altitude: 30—360 m.
V e r n a c u l a r.— Aet (แอ๊ด) (Peninsular).
2. Erismanthus sinensis Oliv., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 16: 1578. 1887; Pax & K.Hoffm. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV.147.iii: 35. 1911; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 461. 1926; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 26: 260. 1972; Welzen, Blumea 40: 383, map 1. 1995; Welzen in Chayam. & Welzen, Fl. Thailand 8, 1: 263. 2005.— Erismanthus indochinensis Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 622. 1924.
Shrub to tree up to 10 m high. Leaves: stipules 2.8-8.5 by 0.7-1.6 mm; petiole 1.5-5 mm long; blade ovate to elliptic, 2.3-13.5(-16.5) by 0.8-4.7(-6.3) cm (mostly less than 10 cm long), length/width ratio (2.3-)2.7-4, coriaceous, apex rounded to acuminate (to cuspidate), very apex emarginate to rounded, glabrous on both sides, nerves 10-12 per side. Staminate catkins c 7.5 by 3-4 mm when without flowers, brown; peduncle c. 2.5 mm long; bracts to the flowers 1.2-1.8 by 0.6-1 mm, short acute. Staminate flowers c. 2 mm in diameter, pinkish to light purple; pedicel 2.5-3 cm long; sepals ovate, c. 1 by 0.7-0.8 mm; petals 0.8-1.4 by 0.5-0.8 mm; stamens 12-15. Pistillate flowers c. 1 cm in diameter, green; pedicel 1.4-2.6 cm long; sepals bract-like, 1.3-4.5 by 0.7-2.1 mm, margin entire, with glands, apex rounded, outside and margin subsericeous. Fruits 6.5-13 by 4.5-7 mm high, wall inside with lighter short stripes. Seed 5-6 mm in diameter.
T h a i l a n d.— EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Dan Chumpon); CENTRAL: Saraburi (Sam Lam), Nakhon Nayok (Nang Rong, Vat Tum Nak); SOUTH-EASTERN: Prachin Buri (Ban Bueng Hills, Krabinburi), Chon Buri (Chantaten, Khao Khiao, Khlong Phriu Waterfall, Sattahip, Rong Ko, Toong Brong), Rayong (Ban Phe, Khao Yot Laem), Chanthaburi (Khao Phra Bat, Khao Saming, Khao Sabap, Priu Waterfalls), Trat (Ban Saphan Hin).
D i s t r i b u t i o n.— S. China (Hainan Prov., type), Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and N.E. and S.E. Thailand.
E c o l o g y.— In evergreen forest, often along rivers; locally common; soil: granite. Altitude: 50-600 m.
V e r n a c u l a r.— Aet lek (แอ๊ดเล็ก) (General).
U s e s.— The wood is of good quality and used for handles of axes and knifes (Poilane 10212).