Roxb. ex Rottl., Gesl. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 206. 1803; Croizat, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III, 17: 212. 1942; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 23: 128. 1969; Kew Bull. 26: 342. 1972; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Mal. 2: 133. 1973; G.L.Webster, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81: 102. 1994; Philcox in Dassan., Revis. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 11: 118. 1997; Racl.-Sm., Gen. Euphorbiacearum: 283. 2001; Chanthraprasong in Welzen & Chayam., Fl. Thailand 8, 2: 564. 2007; G.L.Webster in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 11: 160. 2014.— Gelonium Roxb. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 831. 1896, non Gaertn., 1791.— Erythrocarpus Blume, Bijdr.: 604. 1825.— Ceratophorus Sond., Linnaea 23: 120. 1850.

Shrubs or small trees, dioecious (Thailand). Indumentum mainly absent, simple when present. Stipules connate, deciduous, leaving distinct annular scar. Leaves alternate, simple; petiole short; blade entire to denticulate to crenate or serrate, usually punctate (light spots or short lines visible when held against sunlight), penninerved. Inflorescences opposite to leaves, cymose, flowers in fascicles, glomerules, or almost solitary; bracts minute. Flowers unisexual (Thailand) or bisexual, sessile to pedicellate; sepals (4)5 or 6(-8), free, imbricate, subequal, outer sepaloid and sometimes glandular, inner petaloid; petals absent. Staminate flowers usually pedicelled; disc glands interstaminal confluent; stamens (6-)10-25(-60), filaments free, anthers subdorsifixed, introrse, 2-thecate; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers pedicellate; sepals narrower than staminate ones; disc annular; staminodes 5-10, stamen-like or minute; ovary (2)3(4)-locular, 1 ovule per locule; style short, stigmas apically 2- to multifid. Fruits subglobose to 3-lobed, either drupes or septicidal or loculicidal fleshy capsules; exocarp smooth or reticulate; columella present. Seeds ovoid, caruncle absent, thin fleshy sarcotesta present.

    A genus of 31 species in the palaeotropics, 8 in Africa main land, 13 in Madagascar and nearby islands and 9 in tropical Asia; 1 species in Thailand. Classification: Subfamily Crotonoideae; tribe Gelonieae.

Suregada multiflora (A.Juss.) Baill., Étude Euphorb: 396. 1858; Corner Wayside trees 55-256. 1940; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 26: 342. 1971; T.C. Whitmore, Tree Fl. of Malaya. 2: 133. 1973; Chanthraprasong in Welzen & Chayam., Fl. Thailand 8, 2: 566, Fig. 88, Plate XXIX: 2. 2007.— Gelonium multiflorum A.Juss., Euphorb. Gen.: 111, t. 10, fig. 31A. 1824.— Gelonium fasciculatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 832. 1832.— Gelonium tenuifolium Ridl., J. Roy. As. Soc. Str. Br. 59: 181. 1911.

Shrubs or small trees, 3-15 m high, glabrous. Stipules minute, caducous. Leaves: blade elliptic, 12-15 by 5-7 cm, length/width ratio 2.1-2.4, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute, dark green, secondary veins 5-7 pairs. Inflorescences fascicles or short cymes on 0.3-1 cm long peduncle. Flowers unisexual, 0.8-1.2 cm in diameter; pedicel 4-6 mm long, covered with short hair; sepals 5, round, flower fragrant; sepals 3-4 by 2.5-3.5 mm, the receptacle with numerous small disc glands among the filaments; pistillode minute. Pistillate flowers: sepals longer than the staminate ones, disc with papery margin, concave, sometime with tiny staminodes; ovary 3-locular, stigmas shortly bifid, spreading. Fruits subglobular or shallowly 3-lobed, 2.5-3.5 by 2-2.5 cm, mostly smooth, tardily dehiscent, red-orange when ripe. Seeds subglobose, sarcotesta ± fleshy and white when fresh.

    T h a i l a n d.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang, Phrae, Tak, Sukhothai, Nakhon Sawan; NORTH-EASTERN: Loei, Udon Thani, Khon Kaen; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima, Surin, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani, SOUTH-WESTERN: Uthai Tani, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; CENTRAL: Saraburi, Bangkok (cultivated); SOUTH-EASTERN: Sa Kaeo, Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; PENINSULAR: Chumphon, Ronong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thamarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat.

    D i s t r i b u t i o n.— India (type), Burma, Indo-china, Malay Peninsula.

    E c o l o g y.— In deciduous, mixed or evergreen forest up to 500 m altitude.