1a.

Leaf apex rounded or retuse, more rarely obtuse

2

1b.

 Leaf apex acute, acuminate or caudate

4

2a.

Leaves base cordate to rounded, very rarely acute; stamens 4–6. Sepals free, pubescent outside. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL, NWG, THA

21. Antidesma ghaesembilla

2b.

Leaf base acute or obtuse, mostly cuneate; stamens 2–4. Sepals free or fused, glabrous to pilose outside

3

3a.

Sepals fused for 2/3 of their length. Leaves obovate to elliptic-oblong, (2–)5–10(–18) by (1–)2.5–4(–8) cm. Leaves: petioles 1–2 mm wide. Inflorescences 5–14 cm long. Flowers on pedicels 1–1.5 mm long. Pistillode absent; disc cushion-shaped (Fig. 3A); stamens 2(3). JAW,THA

1. Antidesma acidum

3b.

Sepals free or nearly so. Leaves spathulate, (1.5–)2–5(–7) by (0.7–)1–2.5(–3.5) cm. Leaves: petioles less than 1 mm wide. Inflorescences c. 3 cm long. Flowers sessile; pistillode present; disc consisting of 2–4 free lobes (Fig. 3C); stamens 2–4. MOL, NWG · · ·  

47. Antidesma spatulifolium

4a.

Midvein in dry material sharply raised adaxially (Fig. 2E), distinctly perceptible to the touch

5

4b.

Midvein in dry material impressed to slightly raised adaxially (Fig. 2D), not distinctly perceptible to the touch

7

5a.

Leaves 6–7.5 cm long. THA

Antidesma japonicum var. robustius

5b.

Leaves 13–45 cm long

6

6a.

Young twigs, Leaves: petioles and leaves hairy, glabrescent. Stipules usually foliaceous, more than 2 mm wide, persistent. Leaves 15–45 by 5–18 cm. MLY

38. Antidesma pachystachys

6b.

Young twigs, Leaves: petioles and leaves glabrous. Stipules linear, up to 1.5 mm wide, caducous. Leaves 13–27 by 3.5–8cm. MLY,THA

27. Antidesma laurifolium

7a.

Inflorescences at least partly cauline

8

7b.

Inflorescences axillary (sometimes aggregated at the end of the branch)

15

8a.

Leaves: petioles (at least of some leaves) more than 10 mm long, no wider than 2 mm in the middle, basally and distally usually slightly pulvinate and sometimes geniculate

9

8b.

Leaves: petioles shorter than 10 mm (if longer, then more than 2 mm wide), basally and distally not pulvinate or geniculate

10

9a.

Disc hairy all over. All leaf veins, including the very fine veinlets, clearly visible abaxially in dry material. Leaves drying yellowish brown to yellowish green. Pubescence of inflorescence whitish. Inflorescences simple, fascicled. SUM, MLY, BOR, PHI, THA

44. Antidesma puncticulatum

9b.

Disc glabrous (sometimes with hairs originating from the base of the disc). Only the coarse leaf veins visible abaxially in dry material. Leaves drying grey to reddish brown. Pubescence of inflorescence ferrugineous. Inflorescences simple or branched. SUM, MLY, BOR

11. Antidesma coriaceum

10a.

Tertiary veins close together, more than 10 between every two secondary veins (Fig. 2Aa). Leaves: petioles 1.5–4 mm wide. Inflorescences (4–)15–24 cm long. Leaves (7–)13–25(–50) by (2.5–)4–8(–15) cm. Stipules 8–20 by 1–4 mm

11

10b.

Tertiary veins widely spaced, less than 9 between every two secondary veins (Fig. 2Ab). Leaves: petioles up to 2 mm wide. Inflorescences 3–9 cm long. Leaves (5–)8–14(–19) by (2–)3–5(–9.5) cm. Stipules 2–10 by 0.5–1.5 mm

12

11a.

Indumentum of leaves abaxially sparse, indumentum of inflorescence axes and calyx moderately dense. SUM, MLY, BOR, PHI, THA

29. Antidesma leucopodum

11b.

Indumentum of leaves abaxially usually dense, indumentum of inflorescence axes and calyx extremely dense. BOR

43. Antidesma polystylum

12a.

Abaxial leaf surfaces hairy all over; pistillode hairy

13

12b.

Abaxial leaf surfaces glabrous; pistillode glabrous or absent

14

13a.

Indumentum ferrugineous. Inflorescences consisting of 4–11 branches; pedicel absent. Flowers 1–2 by 0.7–1.5 mm; stamens exserted 0.5–1.5 mm from the calyx; disc extrastaminal-annular (Fig. 3B); but may sometimes appear cushion-shaped), glabrous (sometimes with hairs originating from the base of the disc; Fig. 3D). MLY,THA

54. Antidesma velutinum

13b.

Indumentum whitish to ochraceous. Inflorescences simple or once-branched; pedicels 0.2–1 mm long. Flowers 2–3 by c. 2 mm; stamens exserted 1.5–2 mm from the calyx; disc cushion-shaped, enclosing the bases of the filaments and the pistillode (Fig. 3A), glabrous at the sides, hairy on top (Fig. 3E). LSI, MOL, SUL

17. Antidesma elbertii

14a.

Sepals free or nearly so; disc hairy all over; pistillode glabrous. SUM, MLY, THA

22. Antidesma helferi

14b.

Sepals fused for 2/3–3/4 of their length; disc glabrous (sometimes with hairs originating from the base of the disc); pistillode absent. PHI

30. Antidesma macgregorii

15a.

Stipules foliaceous, more than 4 mm wide

16

15b.

Stipules not foliaceous, up to 4 mm wide

24

16a.

Leaves: petioles (at least of some leaves) more than 10 mm long, no more than 2 mm wide in the middle, basally and apically slightly pulvinate and geniculate

17

16b.

Leaves: petioles up to 10 mm long (if longer, more than 2 mm wide), not pulvinate or geniculate

18

17a.

Stipules spathulate, cordate or kidney-shaped, apex rounded to acute, base symmetrical. Leaves (6–)10–14(–22) cm long, up to 3 times as long as wide, chartaceous to membranaceous; bracts c. 0.5 mm long. Sepals fused for 2/3 of their length. SUM, JAW, LSI

50. Antidesma tetrandrum

17b.

Stipules ovate, apex caudate, base asymmetrical. Leaves 13–21 cm long, 3–4 times as long as wide, subcoriaceous to chartaceous; bracts 0.7–1 mm long. Sepals fused only at the base. MLY

26. Antidesma kunstleri

18a.

Indumentum, especially of young parts and inflorescences, ferrugineous. Leaves drying reddish brown

19

18b.

Indumentum whitish or absent. Leaves drying olive-green to reddish brown

22

19a.

Inflorescences 15–20 cm long. Flowers 2–3 by 2–3 mm; stamens 1.5–3 mm long, exserted 1–2.5 mm from the calyx. Sepals fused for 2/3–3/4 of their length; disc ferrugineous-pubescent. Mostly rheophytic. BOR, PHI (Palawan), SUL

46a. Antidesma riparium subsp. riparium

19b.

Inflorescences 2–14 cm long. Flowers 1–1.5 by c. 1.5 mm; stamens 0.8–1 mm long, exserted 0.5(–1) mm from the calyx. Sepals free; disc glabrous to pubescent

20

20a.

Stipules subulate to falcate, rarely elliptic with an asymmetrical base, strongly parallel-veined, coriaceous, not more than 10 mm wide, at least twice as long as wide. Leaves: petioles 2–5 mm wide. Leaves (8–)15–30(–60) cm long. Tertiary veins percurrent, close together (Fig. 2Aa). Inflorescences 6–14 cm long, always simple; flowers set densely, touching each other; disc glabrous or hairy; pistillode

present, 0.2–0.4 mm long, pubescent. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL

51. Antidesma tomentosum

20b.

Stipules cordate to elliptic, base more or less symmetrical, reticulately veined, chartaceous, up to 18 mm wide, hardly longer to several times as long as wide. Leaves: petioles c. 1 mm wide. Leaves (5–)6–14(–20) cm long. Tertiary veins weakly percurrent (Fig. 2Ab) to reticulate (Fig. 2Ac). Inflorescences 2–6 cm long, simple or branched, very slender; flowers spaced more widely, not touching each other; disc glabrous; pistillode absent or up to 0.1 mm long, glabrous to sparsely pilose

21

21a.

Leaves more than 2 cm wide, less than 5 times as long as wide. SUM, MLY,BOR, THA

36a. Antidesma neurocarpum var. neurocarpum

21b.

Leaves less than 2 cm wide, more than 5 times as long as wide. Rheophyte. BOR

36c. Antidesma neurocarpum var. linearifolium

22a.

Young twigs light grey; disc pilose. Flowers 2–3 by 1.5–2 mm; stamens 2–2.5 mm long, exserted 1.5–2 mm from the calyx. Leaves drying greyish green to reddish brown. SUM, MLY, THA

22. Antidesma helferi

22b.

Young twigs brown; disc glabrous, rarely pilose. Flowers 1–2.5 by 1–1.5 mm; stamens 1–2 mm long, exserted 0.5–1.5 mm from the disc. Leaves drying olive-green

23

23a.

Leaves (9–)20–40 cm long, 3.2–9.2 times as long as wide, midvein slightly raised adaxially. Inflorescences simple, solitary, very slender. Leaves: petioles 1–3 mm wide; stamens exserted c. 0.5 mm from the calyx. Stipules,  petioles, abaxial leaf surfaces and inflorescence axes usually glabrous. Sepals entire or erose, never glandular-fimbriate. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL

48. Antidesma stipulare

23b.

Leaves 8–20 (–25) cm long, 2.5–3.5 times as long as wide, midvein impressed adaxially. Inflorescences consisting of 10 or more branches. Leaves: petioles 1–2 mm wide; stamens exserted 1–1.5 mm from the calyx. Stipules, Leaves: petioles, abaxial leaf surfaces and inflorescence axes usually hairy. Sepals often glandular-fimbriate. THA

Antidesma montanum var. wallichii

24a.

Bracts more than 1.5 mm long, conspicuous even in very young inflorescences. Leaves abaxially hairy

25

24b.

Bracts up to 1.5 mm long. Leaves abaxially glabrous to hairy

27

25a.

Indumentum, especially of young parts, densely hirsute, whitish to ochraceous, never ferrugineous. Leaves drying olive-green; disc glabrous. Flowers 2–3 by 2–3 mm; stamens exserted c. 1 mm from the calyx. Sepals 5–7. Inflorescences 5–10 cm long. Most leaves 12–18 by 4–6 cm. SUM, MLY, BOR (Anambas & Natuna Isl.), JAW, THA

53. Antidesma velutinosum

25b.

Indumentum, especially of young parts, ferrugineous. Leaves drying reddish brown; disc hairy at the margin; if glabrous, then flowers not larger than 1.5 by 1.5 mm and stamens exserted only 0.5 mm from the calyx. Sepals 4–6. Inflorescences 6–25 cm long. Most leaves 15–30 by 5–12 cm

26

26a.

Indumentum of all parts rather long and shaggy, sometimes with some stellate hairs; pedicels 0.5–1.5 mm long; stamens exserted 1–1.5 mm from the calyx. Inflorescences 11–25 cm long. Sepals fused to halfway. Tertiary veins reticulate (Fig. 2Ac) to weakly percurrent (Fig. 2Ab), widely spaced; disc hairy at the margin. Usually above 1000 m altitude. MLY

39. Antidesma pahangense

26b.

Indumentum of all parts short and velvety, without stellate hairs. Flowers sessile; stamens exserted c. 0.5 mm from the calyx. Inflorescences 6–14 cm long. Sepals free or nearly so. Tertiary veins percurrent, close together (Fig. 2Aa); disc hairy or glabrous. Indifferent to altitude. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL

(52. Antidesma tomentosum)

27a.

Leaves: petioles (at least of some leaves) more than 10 mm long, no more than 3 mm wide in the middle, basally and apically usually slightly pulvinate and sometimes geniculate

28

27b.

Leaves: petioles up to 10 mm long (if longer, more than 3 mm wide, and leaf blades more than 25 cm long, basally and distally never pulvinate or geniculate)

43

28a.

Abaxial leaf surfaces hairy all over

29

28b.

Abaxial leaf surfaces glabrous, or hairy along the major veins only

33

29a.

Disc glabrous (sometimes with hairs originating from the base of the disc; Fig. 3D)

30

29b.

Disc hairy all over (Fig. 3F), or at least at the margin (Fig. 3E)

31

30a.

Indumentum of leaves not distinctly velvety to the touch abaxially. Leaves: petioles 5–13 by 0.8–1 mm. Most leaves 10–13 by 3.5–5 cm. BOR

55. Antidesma venenosum

30b.

Indumentum of leaves distinctly velvety to the touch abaxially. Leaves: petioles 12–35 by 1.2–2 mm. Most leaves 16–21 by 6–8 cm. MLY

12. Antidesma cruciforme

31a.

Sepals fused for c. 1/2 of their length, unequal. Stipules 1–2 mm wide. Leaves: petioles 1.5–3 mm wide. Leaves (8–)1–17(–23) by (3–)5–8(–12) cm. PHI

16a. Antidesma edule var. edule

31b.

Sepals free, equal. Stipules 0.5–1 mm wide. Leaves: petioles 0.5–1.5 mm wide. Leaves (2–)4–11(–16) by (2–)3–5(–9) cm

32

32a.

Inflorescences consisting of up to 9 branches, indumentum very dense, making it hard to see floral details. Leaves (1.3–)1.8–2.4(–4) times as long as wide. PHI, LSI

49. Antidesma subcordatum

32b.

Inflorescences consisting of 10–20 branches, indumentum of average density to sparse, so that floral details are easily seen. Leaves (1–)1.3–1.7(–2.25) times as long as wide. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL, NWG, THA

(21. Antidesma ghaesembilla)

33a.

Disc cushion-shaped, enclosing the bases of the filament and pistillode (Fig. 3A); (observe carefully especially when disc is hairy, dried flowers may have to be softened). Flowers on pedicels 0.3–1 mm long. SUM, MLY,BOR

14. Antidesma cuspidatum

33b.

Disc extrastaminal-annular (Fig. 3B), or consisting of free lobes (Fig. 3C). Flowers sessile (pedicels up to 0.2 mm long in Antidesma curranii)

34

34a.

Disc hairy all over (Fig. 3F), or at least at the margin (Fig. 3E)

35

34b.

Disc glabrous (sometimes with hairs originating from the base of the disc; Fig. 3D)

40

35a.

Disc consisting of free lobes (Fig. 3C). Sepals free or fused to halfway

36

35b.

Disc extrastaminal-annular (Fig. 3B). Sepals fused for 1/2 of their length or more

37

36a.

Sepals free, pubescent outside. Inflorescences consisting of (3–)10–20 branches. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL, NWG, THA

(21. Antidesma ghaesembilla)

36b.

Sepals fused for 1/2 of their length or more, glabrous outside. Inflorescences simple, or consisting of up to 6 branches. PHI

13. Antidesma curranii

37a.

Young twigs brown. Leaves sometimes with domatia in the axils between the midvein and secondary veins abaxially (Fig. 2B); base acute to rounded

38

37b.

Young twigs usually very light brown to whitish. Leaves without domatia; base obtuse to truncate, rarely acute

39

38a.

Inflorescences 2–8 cm long, consisting of 1–5(–10) branches. Leaves: petioles 1–2(–3) mm wide. Leaves coriaceous to subcoriaceous. Occasionally cultivated. BOR, PHI, SUL, MOL, NWG

18. Antidesma excavatum

38b.

Inflorescences 5–14 cm long, consisting of 2–25 branches. Leaves: petioles 0.8–1.2 mm wide. Leaves membranaceous to subchartaceous. SUL, LSI, MOL

7. Antidesma celebicum

39a.

Inflorescences consisting of 5–50 branches. Leaves chartaceous to membranaceous. PHI

42. Antidesma pleuricum

39b.

Inflorescences consisting of 2–10 branches. Leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous. PHI

31. Antidesma microcarpum

40a.

Indumentum of young twigs, stipules, Leaves: petioles and inflorescences ferrugineous-hispid. Sepals free or almost so. Leaves coriaceous, drying grey to reddish brown adaxially, reddish brown abaxially. SUM, MLY,BOR

11. Antidesma coriaceum

40b.

Indumentum whitish. Sepals fused for 1/2 of their length or more. Leaves membranaceous to chartaceous, drying olive-green

41

41a.

Stipules 1 mm long. Inflorescences 2–4 cm long, consisting of 1–4 branches. Young twigs first dark brown, then light grey to whitish. Leaf base acute to obtuse. Tertiary leaf veins reticulate (Fig. 2Ac). SUM, MLY,THA

20. Antidesma forbesii

41b.

Stipules 5–25 mm long. Inflorescences 4–11 cm long, consisting of up to 35 branches. Young twigs brown. Leaf base rounded to truncate, more rarely obtuse. Tertiary leaf veins percurrent (Fig. 2Aa) to weakly percurrent (Fig. 2Ab)

42

42a.

Stipules (2–)5–20 mm wide. Leaves: petioles (7–)10–15(–35) mm long. SUM, JAW,LSI

50. Antidesma tetrandrum

42b.

Stipules c. 0.5 mm wide. Leaves: petioles 5–10(–13) mm long. BOR

55. Antidesma venenosum

43a.

Stamens 2, rarely 3; pistillode absent

44

43b.

Stamens 3–5; pistillode present or absent

45

44a.

Pedicels 1–1.5 mm long. Inflorescences 5–14 cm long. Leaves: petioles 2–7 mm long, hairy. Leaves chartaceous, abaxial leaf surfaces usually ± hairy, drying yellowish green. Domatia present (Fig. 2B). Stipules usually persistent, 3–7 by 1–2 mm. JAW, THA

1. Antidesma acidum

44b.

Pedicels 0.1 mm long. Inflorescences 2–3 cm long. Leaves: petioles 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, drying reddish brown. Domatia absent. Stipules caducous, 1.5 by 0.6 mm. SUL

4. Antidesma brevipes

45a.

Midvein sharply keeled abaxially (Fig. 2F). Leaves coriaceous. BOR

3. Antidesma brachybotrys

45b.

Midvein rounded abaxially (Fig. 2C–E). Leaves membranaceous to coriaceous

46

46a.

Disc glabrous (sometimes with hairs originating from the base of the disc; Fig. 3D)

47

46b.

Disc hairy all over (Fig. 3F), or at least at the margin (Fig. 3E)

69

47a.

Flowers 3–4 by c. 3 mm, sessile, with cheesy smell (of bat’s droppings), attracting flies; stamens exserted 1.5–2 mm from the calyx. Anthers c. 0.5 by 0.7 mm; pistillode present

48

47b.

Flowers 1–2.5 by 1–2 mm, sessile or pedicellate, without cheesy smell. Stamens exserted 0.5–2 mm from the calyx. Anthers 0.2–0.5 by 0.3–0.6 mm; pistillode present or absent

49

48a.

Indumentum lacking or whitish. Abaxial leaf surfaces glabrous except sometimes along the midvein. Often cultivated. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL, NWG, THA

5a. Antidesma bunius var. bunius

48b.

Indumentum ferrugineous. Abaxial leaf surfaces pubescent all over. THA

Antidesma bunius var. pubescens

49a.

Disc extrastaminal-annular (Fig. 3B)

50

49b.

Disc consisting of free lobes (Fig. 3C; short lobes may appear to be fused extrastaminally in Antidesma pendulum); or disc cushion-shaped, enclosing the bases of the filament and, if present, pistillode (Fig. 3A; observe carefully; dried flowers may have to be softened

51

50a.

Stipules 3–7 by 0.5–1 mm. Leaves: petioles 1.2–1.5 mm wide. Indumentum ferrugineous. Leaves pubescent all over abaxially, distinctly velvety to the touch, up to 18 cm long, always drying reddish brown. Inflorescences 4–7 cm long, axillary or more rarely cauline. MLY, THA

54. Antidesma velutinum

50b.

Stipules 1–3 by 0.2–0.5 mm. Leaves: petioles 0.7–1(–1.2) mm wide. Indumentum ochraceous. Leaves pubescent all over or only along the veins abaxially, up to 13 cm long, drying olive-green, greyish or reddish brown. Inflorescences 4–11 cm long, terminal or more rarely axillary.THA

Antidesma sootepense

51a.

Disc consisting of free lobes (Fig. 3C)

52

51b.

Disc cushion-shaped, enclosing the bases of the filament and, if present, pistillode (Fig. 3A)

55

52a.

Leaves: petioles 1.5–6 mm wide, glabrous. Leaves (13–)25–50 by (4–)7–14 cm, chartaceous to coriaceous, usually drying yellowish-brown. Inflorescences c. 15 cm long, simple, solitary or fascicled in pairs, axes glabrous; pistillode glabrous. Stipules usually persistent, 0.5–3 mm wide. Midvein usually slightly raised adaxially. SUM, MLY, BOR, THA

40. Antidesma pendulum

52b.

Leaves: petioles 0.5–1.2 mm wide, hairy. Leaves 3–13(–18) by 1–5(–7) cm, chartaceous to membranaceous, drying olive-green, reddish or greyish brown. Inflorescences 2–11 cm long, simple to much-branched, solitary, axes hairy; pistillode pubescent or glabrous. Stipules early-caducous, 0.2–0.5 mm wide. Midvein impressed adaxially

53

53a.

Inflorescences consisting of up to 35 branches; disc longer than the calyx. Stipules 5–10 mm long. Leaf base rounded to truncate, rarely obtuse. BOR

55. Antidesma venenosum

53b.

Inflorescences simple or consisting of 2–4 branches; disc as long as or shorter than the calyx. Stipules 1–3 mm long. Leaf base acute to obtuse, rarely rounded

54

54a.

Inflorescences 2–4 cm long. Young twigs first dark brown, then light grey to whitish, glabrous to puberulent; stamens exserted c. 0.5 mm from the calyx. Leaves glabrous or slightly hairy only along the midvein, higher venation not conspicuously tessellated (Fig. 9A). SUM, MLY,THA

20. Antidesma forbesii

54b.

Inflorescences 4–11 cm long. Young twigs brown, (usually densely) ochraceous-tomentose; stamens exserted 1–2 mm from the calyx. Leaves hairy abaxially at least along the veins, higher venation finely tessellated (Fig. 9D). THA

Antidesma sootepense

55a.

Sepals fused for 3/4 of their length or more; disc small, much shorter than the calyx; pistillode absent. Leaves completely glabrous, drying dark reddish brown to purplish grey. Young twigs light brown to whitish grey. PHI

30. Antidesma macgregorii

55b.

Sepals free to fused for c. 1/2 of their length; disc obvious, often protruding from the calyx; pistillode present or absent. Leaves glabrous to hairy, drying olive-green, reddish or greyish. Young twigs dark brown to whitish grey

56

56a.

Indumentum, especially of young parts and inflorescences, ferrugineous to ochraceous

57

56b.

Indumentum whitish or absent

62

57a.

Leaves: petioles 2–5 mm wide. Leaves (8–)15–30(–60) cm long. Tertiary veins percurrent (Fig. 2Aa), close together. Inflorescences 6–14 cm long, always simple, usually dense; pistillode present, 0.2–0.4 mm long, pubescent

58

57b.

Leaves: petioles c. 1 mm wide. Leaves (3–)6–14(–20) cm long. Tertiary veins weakly percurrent (Fig. 2Ab) to reticulate (Fig. 2Ac). Inflorescences 2–6 cm long, simple or branched, usually lax; pistillode absent or only to 0.1 mm long, glabrous to sparsely pilose

59

58a.

Plant rheophytic, leaves more than 6 times as long as wide. Leaves: petioles 1–3mm wide. Inflorescences 4–6cm long. BOR

51b. Antidesma tomentosum var. stenocarpum

58b.

Plant not rheophytic, leaves less than 6 times as long as wide. Leaves: petioles 2–5 mm wide. Inflorescences 6–14 cm long. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL, THA

51a. Antidesma tomentosum var. tomentosum

59a.

Stipules 0.5–1mm wide. SUM, MLY,BOR

36b. Antidesma neurocarpum var. hosei

59b.

Stipules (1–)1.5–18 mm wide

60

60a.

Plant rheophytic, leaves more than 5 times as long as wide

61

60b.

Plant not rheophytic, leaves less than 5 times as long as wide. SUM, MLY, BOR, THA

36a. Antidesma neurocarpum var. neurocarpum

61a.

Leaves 0.7–1.8 cm wide. Leaves: petioles c. 1 mm wide; pedicels 0.5–1 mm long; stamens exserted 0.8–1 mm from the calyx; pistillode up to 0.1 mm long. BOR

36c. Antidesma neurocarpum var. linearifolium

61b.

Leaves 1.2–4 cm wide. Leaves: petioles 1–3 mm wide; pedicel absent; stamens exserted c. 0.5 mm from the calyx; pistillode 0.2–0.4 mm long. BOR

51b. Antidesma tomentosum var. stenocarpum

62a.

Young twigs light brown to whitish. Leaves drying reddish brown to grey, often with dense intersecondary and perpendicular tertiary veins conspicuous near the midvein

63

62b.

Young twigs brown. Leaves drying olive-green, without conspicuously perpendicular intersecondary and tertiary veins near the midvein

64

63a.

Higher order veins in dry material distinctly prominent on both leaf surfaces. Stipules caducous, subulate. Leaves drying reddish brown. Inflorescences 4–7 cm long, simple, slender. Usually between 400–1400 m. SUM, JAW

32. Antidesma minus

63b.

Higher order veins in dry material much less prominent adaxially. Stipules usually persistent, elliptic, linear or subulate, often falcate. Leaves drying reddish brown to greyish. Inflorescences 2–6 cm long, simple or branched, not particularly slender. Indifferent to altitude. SUM, MLY,BOR

36b. Antidesma neurocarpum var. hosei

64a.

Leaves (9–)20–40 by (1.5–)5–7(–10) cm, predominantly oblong, midvein slightly raised adaxially. Leaves: petioles 1–3 mm wide. Stipules 5–60 by 1–30 mm. Flowers sessile. Sepals entire or erose, never glandular-fimbriate; stamens exserted c. 0.5 mm from the calyx. Inflorescences simple. Stipules, Leaves: petioles and inflorescence axes usually glabrous. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL

48. Antidesma stipulare

64b.

Leaves 3–15(–30) by 0.5–6(–12) cm, predominantly elliptic, midvein impressed adaxially. Leaves: petioles 0.5–2 mm wide. Stipules 2–7(–13) by 0.5–1.5(–3) mm. Flowers sessile or pedicellate. Sepals often glandular-fimbriate; stamens exserted 1–2 mm from the calyx. Inflorescences simple or branched. Stipules, Leaves: petioles and inflorescence axes usually hairy

65

65a.

Plant rheophytic, leaves 4–10 times as long as wide or narrower than 2 cm

66

65b.

Plant not rheophytic, leaves (1.2–)2.5–3.5(–6.6) times as long as wide

67

66a.

Most leaves 5–11 by 1–2 cm. Leaf apex acuminate. SUM, MLY, BOR, THA

33c. Antidesma montanum var. salicinum

66b.

Most leaves 3–6 by 0.4–1.2 cm. Leaf apex acute, sometimes with a rounded apiculum. THA

Antidesma montanum var. microphyllum

67a.

Inflorescences, pedicels and flowers slender. Leaves: petioles 0.5–1 mm wide. Sepals free. Leaves often conspicuously shiny. MLY, PHI, THA

24a. Antidesma japonicum var. japonicum

67b.

Inflorescences, pedicels and flowers not conspicuously slender. Leaves: petioles 0.7–2 mm wide. Sepals free, to fused to halfway. Leaves not conspicuously shiny

68

68a.

Without differential characters in staminate material. Very common. SUM, MLY,BOR, JAW,PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL, THA

33a. Antidesma montanum var. montanum

68b.

Rare. JAW,LSI, SUL

23. Antidesma heterophyllum

69a.

Disc extrastaminal-annular, lobed with inflexed lobes or hardly lobed, longer than or as long as the calyx (Fig. 5F; observe carefully, dried flowers may have to be softened). Sepals fused for at least 2/3 of their length. Inflorescences 2–7 cm long. Occasionally cultivated. BOR (East Kalimantan), PHI, SUL, MOL, NWG

18. Antidesma excavatum

69b.

Disc consisting of free, alternistaminal lobes which may appear to be fused extrastaminally (Fig. 3C; observe carefully, dried flowers may have to be softened) or cushion-shaped, enclosing the bases of the filaments and pistillode (Fig. 3A). Sepals free or fused. Inflorescences 2–20 cm long

70

70a.

Disc consisting of free lobes (Fig. 3C)

71

70b.

Disc cushion-shaped, enclosing the bases of the filaments and pistillode (Fig. 3A)

76

71a.

Inflorescences c. 15 cm long; pistillode glabrous. Leaves: petioles 1.5–6 mm wide. Stipules 6–25 by 0.5–3 mm, usually persistent. Leaves (13–)25 –50 by (4–)7–14 cm. SUM, MLY, BOR, THA

40. Antidesma pendulum

71b.

Inflorescences 2–12 cm long; pistillode hairy. Leaves: petioles up to 1.5 mm wide. Stipules 0.5–6(–10) by 0.5–1.5 mm, usually caducous. Leaves 2–15(–20) by 1–5(–9) cm

72

72a.

Sepals free, pubescent outside. Leaf base rounded to cordate, rarely acute

73

72b.

Sepals fused for 1/2 of their length or more, glabrous to sparsely pilose outside. Leaf base acute to rounded

74

73a.

Inflorescences simple or consisting of up to 9 branches, indumentum very dense, making it hard to recognise floral details. Leaves (1.3–)1.8–2.4(–4) times as long as wide. PHI, LSI

49. Antidesma subcordatum

73b.

Inflorescences consisting of 10–20 branches, indumentum less dense, allowing easy recognition of floral details. Leaves (1–)1.3–1.7(–2.25) times as long as wide. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL, NWG, THA

(21. Antidesma ghaesembilla)

74a.

Midvein slightly raised to flat adaxially. Flowers 2–3 mm long; stamens exserted 1.5–2 mm from the calyx; calyx cupular to cylindrical, lobes broadly rounded. Leaves membranaceous to chartaceous. Inflorescences 6–12 cm long. SUM, MLY, THA

28. Antidesma leucocladon

74b.

Midvein impressed adaxially. Flowers 1.5–2 mm long; stamens exserted c. 1 mm from the calyx; calyx bowl-shaped to cupular, lobes acute to rounded. Leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous. Inflorescences 2–8(–12) cm long

75

75a.

Calyx 0.5–0.8 mm long, sepals fused for 2/3 of their length or more, margin entire. Stipules c. 0.5 by 0.5 mm. Leaves: petioles 3–8(–10) mm long, not pulvinate. Leaves(1–)2–3.5(–5.5) cm wide, usually shiny. PHI

15. Antidesma digitaliforme

75b.

Calyx 0.8–1 mm long, sepals fused for 1/2–2/3 of their length, margin erose. Stipules 3–5 by 1–1.5 mm. Leaves: petioles 3–15 mm long, basally and distally sometimes slightly pulvinate. Leaves (2–)3–5(–6.5) cm wide, usually dull. PHI

13. Antidesma curranii

76a.

Indumentum, especially of young parts, inflorescences and disc, ferrugineous to ochraceous

77

76b.

Indumentum whitish or absent

80

77a.

Inflorescences 4–6 cm long. Leaves 2–4 times as long as wide; calyx conical; disc about as wide as long, ± flat on top, constricted at the base. LSI, MOL, SUL

17. Antidesma elbertii

77b.

Inflorescences 6–20 cm long (if shorter, leaves at least 6 times as long as wide); calyx cupular; disc wider than long, ± hemispherical, not constricted at the base

78

78a.

Sepals fused for 2/3 of their length or more. Inflorescences 15–20 cm long. Flowers 2–3 by 2–3 mm, sessile or pedicels up to 1 mm long. Stamens exserted 1–2.5 mm from the calyx. Tertiary veins usually at right angles to the midvein (Fig. 2Ad). Mostly rheophytic. BOR, PHI (Palawan), SUL

46a. Antidesma riparium subsp. riparium

78b.

Sepals free or nearly so. Inflorescences 4–14 cm long. Flowers c. 1.5 by 1.5 mm, sessile; stamens exserted c. 0.5 mm from the calyx. Tertiary veins at right angles to the secondary veins, and oblique to the midvein (Fig. 2Aa–c)

79

79a.

Plant rheophytic, leaves more than 6 times as long as wide. Leaves: petioles 1–3mm wide. Inflorescences 4–6cm long. BOR

51b. Antidesma tomentosum var. stenocarpum

79b.

Plant not rheophytic, leaves less than 6 times as long as wide. Leaves: petioles 2–5 mm wide. Inflorescences 6–14 cm long. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL, THA

51b. Antidesma tomentosum var. tomentosum

80a.

Stamens exserted c. 0.5 mm from the calyx. Leaves (9–)20–30(–40) cm long, major veins slightly raised adaxially. Stipules elliptic to linear, 5–60 by 1–30 mm. Inflorescences simple. Flowers sessile, c. 1 mm long. Leaves (except for some hairs along the major veins abaxially), inflorescence axes and calyx glabrous. SUM, MLY, BOR, JAW, PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL

(48. Antidesma stipulare)

80b.

Stamens exserted (0.5–)1–2 mm from the calyx. Leaves (1.5–)5–20(–30) cm long, major veins impressed adaxially. Stipules linear, 1.5–8(–13) by 0.5–1.5(–3) mm. Inflorescences simple or branched. Flowers sessile or pedicels up to 2 mm long, 1.5–3 mm long. Leaves, inflorescence axes and calyx glabrous or hairy

81

81a.

Young twigs light grey, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves drying greyish green to reddish brown, chartaceous to coriaceous. Anthers 0.5–1 by 0.5–1 mm. Sepals never glandular-fimbriate. Flowers 2–3 mm long. SUM, MLY,THA

22. Antidesma helferi

81b.

Young twigs brown, ± densely hairy. Leaves usually drying olive-green, membranaceous to chartaceous, only the larger leaves sometimes coriaceous. Anthers 0.2–0.5 by 0.2–0.5 mm. Sepals often glandular-fimbriate. Flowers 1–3mm long

82

82a.

Abaxial leaf surfaces spreading-hirsute all over, especially along the veins

83

82b.

Abaxial leaf surfaces glabrous except along the major veins

84

83a.

Flowers 1.5–2 mm long; calyx cupular, sepals free or nearly so, almost orbicular; disc wider than long, ± hemispherical, not constricted at the base, densely hirsute; stamens exserted c. 1 mm from the calyx. MLY,THA

37. Antidesma orthogyne

83b.

Flowers 2–3 mm long; calyx conical, sepals fused for 1/3–2/3 of their length, deltoid; disc about as wide as long, ± flat on top, constricted at the base, glabrous at the sides, hairy on top; stamens exserted 1.5–2mm from the calyx. LSI, MOL, SUL

17. Antidesma elbertii

84a.

Plant not rheophytic, leaves (1.2–)2.5–3.5(–6.6) times as long as wide.SUM, MLY,BOR, JAW,PHI, SUL, LSI, MOL, THA

(33a. Antidesma montanum var. montanum)

84b.

Plant rheophytic, leaves 4–10 times as long as wide or narrower than 2 cm

85

85a.

Most leaves 5–11 by 1–2 cm. Leaf apex acuminate. SUM, MLY, BOR, THA

(33a. Antidesma montanum var. salicinum)

85b.

Most leaves 3–6 by 0.4–1.2 cm. Leaf apex acute, sometimes with a rounded apiculum. THA

(Antidesma montanum var. microphyllum)